Tan Hui

　　"Everyone mentioned Tan Hui during the start-up, but if you want to be a century-old shop, I hope everyone will only mention Xingmei." As the younger brother of Tan Hui, Qin Hong, the boss of Stellar Group, said so when interviewed by this reporter.

　　On July 20th, Stellar International announced that SMIIC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Stellar International, was going to spend HK$ 55 million to win 25 cinemas from Tan Hui, and had signed a letter of intent.

　　　　　　 According to the plan, Stellar Group will abandon the coexistence of several businesses in the past and focus on the film industry.

　　And this strategic evolution, the Qin brothers have experienced more than 10 years of struggle.

　　The legendary big brother

　　Tan Hui seems to be an inextricable link, whether it is the Xingmei Department or the lace-colored "Heaven and Earth".

　　According to the industrial and commercial registration data, Beijing Changtai Song and Dance Hall Co., Ltd., the predecessor of "Heaven and Earth", was established in 1993. In May 1997, Changtai Song and Dance Hall was approved by the State Trademark Office to obtain the registered trademarks of "PASSION" and "Heaven and Earth" in both Chinese and English. In September, 1999, the State Trademark Office approved the change of the registrant of the registered trademark to Beijing Changqingtai Catering and Entertainment Co., Ltd. funded by Tan Hui.

　　It was in 1999 that Tan Hui took the first step to become a legend. He placed 75% of the shares of "Heaven and Earth" in his Beijing Sino-foreign joint venture Changqingtai Catering and Entertainment Company, with a registered industrial and commercial investment of 1.95 million US dollars. After the renovation, the "Heaven on Earth" changed from an old nightclub to a KTV-style business structure, and the consumption standard also soared.

　　According to people familiar with the matter, when the "Heaven and Earth" was light, the daily water recorded reached more than 300,000. It is estimated that the annual profit of "Heaven on Earth" is at least 20-30 million yuan.

　　Such a stable cash flow gave birth to Tan Hui’s "Zhuojing Department", and at the same time, it also completed Tan Hui’s capital accumulation from "stubborn master" to capital player.

　　In addition, the high-end communication field of "Heaven and Earth" has brought a large number of powerful people to Tan Hui. In the case of Zhang Enzhao, the former president of China Construction Bank, the prosecution’s indictment disclosed such details: In May 2002, Zhang Enzhao accepted $10,000 from Tan Hui for the first time in the "Heaven and Earth" parking lot, and after that, he went through various experiences and got a loan of 650 million yuan. The acquaintance with Li Peiying, chairman of the Capital Airport, is exactly the same.

　　In the face of the media, the Qin brothers did not deny that they once owned "heaven and earth", but stressed that "they were transferred out five years ago".

　　However, it was the creation of "heaven and earth" five years ago that made Tan Hui, the legendary big shot, succeed in his future fate.

　　In contrast, although Tan Hui’s "business childhood" is not well known by the outside world, it has some primitive accumulated strength.

　　In August, 1997, Tan Hui cooperated with his brother Qin Hong to establish Chongqing Changfeng Communication, invested in 800Z mobile communication (the predecessor of CDMA), and began to enter the telecommunications industry.

　　After Tan Hui controlled "Heaven and Earth" for one year, with the annual profit of 20-30 million yuan, in 2000, it invested in Chongqing Changfeng Communication (000892.SZ), the first capital platform in China. At the same time, it has acquired an optical fiber backbone network covering the whole country, and established a broadband metropolitan area network covering the whole province in Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and Jiangsu. A broadband network platform covering the whole network and accessing four provinces was formed.

　　After that, in 2001, the telecommunications map of Tan Hui took shape after seven years of business. In order to build the content platform of Changfeng Communication, connect with the network terminal users of Changfeng Communication, and establish the industrial model of "Telecom+Media+Technology", Zhuojing Investment and Changfeng Communication jointly established Xingmei Media Group Co., Ltd. The "Xingmei Department" was born.

　　　　　　 ride on a horse to enclose

　　With money and "capital strength" in 2002, Tan Hui’s business expansion was extremely exciting.

　　In October of that year, Tan Hui served as the chairman of Changfeng Communication, and began to invest in large-scale acquisition of content companies and media assets. Its subsidiaries include more than a dozen companies including Beijing Huaxia Culture Communication Company, China Film Stellar Cinema Co., Ltd., Feiteng Film and Television Base, Stellar Film and Television Culture Co., Ltd., Stellar Digital Media Co., Ltd., Stellar Shanghai Zhonglu Culture Co., Ltd. and Instek Video Technology Co., Ltd. in China Electric Film Archive.

　The industrial model of "telecommunications+media+technology" has made Stellar Group a dark horse in the industry for a while, and its M&A speed and business model have attracted attention.

　　In 2003, Tan Hui launched its capital market. In order to integrate overseas entertainment content and lay out Hong Kong’s capital platform, it acquired Oriental Charm (00198.HK, later renamed as "Stellar International"), Jingqi Publishing Group (8010.HK, later renamed as "Stellar Publishing") and mobile advertising (8036.HK) in.

　　As a result, the Qin brothers controlled four listed companies, and an industrial structure with capital as the leader, new media as the core and content as the support was formed.

　　However, the expansion of the Qin brothers has not stopped. In 2003, through the acquisition and publication of the banner, it controlled Cheng Bao, the oldest Chinese newspaper in Hong Kong. At the same time, it acquired Sunshine Satellite TV and established a content production and broadcasting platform. In July of that year, the first digital entertainment channel in China was launched in cooperation with Fujian Cable TV Network. In September, it signed a strategic agreement with China Telecom and became one of the first 13 strategic partners of China Telecom’s "Connected Star".

　　In 2004, relying on Stellar International (00198.HK), Tan Hui acquired the chain business of Internet cafes in Sichuan, and used the group resources to acquire Hunan Hunan Computer (SZ000748) to lay out the digital terminal equipment industry.

　　It has been impossible to verify the views of the Qin brothers on Xingmei Group at that time. However, when Qin Hong reviewed the original situation of Stellar Group to our reporter, he said, "The stall is too big, which puts great pressure on management, manpower and capital."

　　In fact, around 2004, due to the rapid expansion, Stellar Group has owned 17 companies of various types. At the same time, it has formed the capital platforms of four or five listed companies with Zhuojing Capital as the investment link, and the scale of fixed assets has reached nearly 2 billion yuan.

　　However, Stellar Group’s cash flow is facing torture. Qin Hong clearly remembers that "the debt ratio of the group was very high at that time". And this pointed to the pain of Xingmei Group’s expansion at that time.

　　Not surprisingly, Tan Hui still defined 2005 as the expansion year in the brief history of his enterprise.

　　At that time, Tan Hui bought Great Wall Broadband, with the intention of connecting the huge user base of Great Wall Broadband with Xingmei content industry and establishing an aircraft carrier giant of telecommunications media. When negotiating with CITIC Group and Great Wall Group (300089, Share Bar), the shareholders of Great Wall Broadband, the case of Zhang Enzhao, the president of China Construction Bank, involved Tan Hui.

　　Although it was later unscathed, Stellar Group and its related subsidiaries were affected one after another. In 2005, Stellar began to divest non-performing assets on a large scale, repay bank debts, sell Sunshine TV and reorganize Changfeng Communication.

　　Also in 2005, Tan Hui went through the relevant legal procedures and officially withdrew from "Heaven and Earth".

　　It is impossible to find out from the hidden known information whether quitting the "Tianshan Human World" helped Tan Hui. However, perhaps because of his sensitivity, in the case of Li Peiying, the chairman of the Capital Airport in 2009, he turned the tables again.

Qin hong

　　　　　　 Difficult reorganization

　　However, the impact of such twists and turns on this entertainment tycoon is obvious.

　　Qin Hong recalled, "trapped by the negative influence at that time, from 2005 to 2009, we have been in the process of restructuring."

　　In addition to retiring from Changfeng Communication, Sunshine Satellite TV and "Heaven and Earth" in 2005, in 2009, Tan Hui withdrew from Xingmei Union and was taken over by Du Huikai, the son-in-law of Zheng Yutong, Chairman of New World (600628, Share Bar) Group. In 2009, Tan Hui signed an agreement with Yang Jiacheng to withdraw from Chengbao.

　　　　　　 To be exact, Stellar Group has spun off almost all industries except the film industry.

　　In fact, Tan Hui has handed over the main business of Stellar Group to Qin Hong. Qin Hong is now the chairman of Stellar Group. At the same time, in March this year, Tan Hui increased his shareholding in Stellar International to 64.23% as a major shareholder. Almost at the same time, Wang Kui-cheng gave the position of chairman of Stellar International Board of Directors to Qin Hong.

　　When describing the whole structure of Stellar Group, Qin Hong said, "Listed companies are the platform for us to operate the whole strategy. Therefore, first of all, after four years of difficult resumption of trading, it was finally realized in late 2009."

　　Regarding focusing on the film industry, Qin Hong explained to our reporter, "From a realistic perspective, our Stellar Media was established for digital media, and then it entered the traditional media. By 2005, when we sorted out the company’s assets, we felt that the film sector was relatively complete. At that time, as a pioneer, Stellar Media has always been the first and second cinema in China and has been in this position. "

　　According to relevant information, in 2009, the box office market of the whole movie reached 6.3 billion yuan, and from the overall income of the whole industry, according to the industry practice of 1:3, all movie-related market plates reached 20 billion yuan.

　　In Qin Hong’s view, the film industry in the cultural industry, in terms of economic benefits, is the last large undeveloped industry that can be seen at present. The data shows that the box office of the film industry keeps growing by 30% every year.

　　start a new undertaking

　　"No matter how the outside world understands it, I prefer to regard this transformation of Stellar Group as a second venture." Qin Hong said, "And this idea of transforming the film industry is also the result of my discussion with Tan Hui."

　　Qin Hong’s film industry includes film production, cinema distribution, cinema construction and management, and film and television base development.

　　In January, 2010, Tan Hui injected capital into Stellar International with the gesture of "returning the carbine". According to the announcement, the company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of HK$ 100 million to its major shareholder, Tan Hui, and the net proceeds of HK$ 99 million were used as funds for possible future investments and general working capital.

　　As a result, Tan Hui and Smil (Strategic Media International, a major shareholder affiliated company) hold 59.41% of the company’s equity. If all convertible notes are converted, the total shareholding will increase to 64.23%.

　　At the same time, Stellar Group controlled by the Qin brothers injected high-quality assets into Stellar International. At the end of June, Stellar International announced that Stellar International would acquire its Admiral Team at a cost of about HK$ 1.2 billion, including issuing HK$ 480 million convertible notes and about 2.44 billion shares to Tan Hui. The company already owns two companies, GDL and SMIIC, which hold relevant shares in the operating companies of 12 cinemas in China.

　　In the cinema map of Stellar Group, Qin Hong said, "We have eight cinemas in Beijing next July, and we have three in Shanghai. We actually want to form four domestic cinema centers, the northeast and north China with Beijing as the leader, the east China with Shanghai as the leader, the south China with Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the leader, and the southwest center. "

Fujian tulou, which is distributed in the mountains in the west and south of Fujian, is famous for its unique architectural style and long history and culture. Fujian Tulou came into being in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the development in the early and middle Ming Dynasty, it gradually matured in the late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and it has continued to this day. Its shapes are round, square, oval, arc and so on.

What are the most noteworthy models at the end of the year? The newly listed Geely Galaxy Starship 7 EM-i should be ranked first. The new car is priced at 103,800-136,800 yuan, and there is a limited-time discount of 4,000 yuan. The price is only 99,800 yuan. So will this new car of Geely Galaxy work?

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Xingrui’s front face design is fashionable and full of tension. It adopts a family-style straight waterfall air intake grille design with sharp LED headlights to create a strong visual impact. The overall style is simple and elegant, and the body lines are smooth, showing a design concept of coexistence of movement and elegance.

Xingrui has slender body lines with length, width and height of 4785mm, 1869mm and 1469mm respectively, and the wheelbase reaches 2800mm, giving it spacious interior space. The side lines of the car are smooth, and the tyre size is 215/55 R17. It is equipped with a unique rim design, showing the dynamic and fashionable.

The interior design of Geely Xingrui is fashionable and full of science and technology. The center console is equipped with a 14.6-inch central control screen, which supports voice recognition control of multimedia system, navigation, telephone, air conditioner and skylight, bringing convenient and intelligent experience to drivers and passengers. The steering wheel is wrapped in leather, which supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, making it comfortable and ergonomic. In terms of seats, the car is made of imitation leather. The main driver’s seat has front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and height adjustment (2-way), while the co-pilot’s seat provides front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment functions, with good comfort and support. In addition, the car is equipped with two USB interfaces in the front row and a USB/Type-C interface in the back row, which is convenient for passengers to charge electronic equipment.

Xingrui is equipped with a 1.5T 181 horsepower L4 engine with a maximum power of 133kW and a maximum torque of 290N·m, which is matched with a 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox and has excellent power performance.

The owner of car home said: "I really don’t like the kind of car that looks too exaggerated, so I was more interested in Xingrui at that time and took a fancy to its appearance on a large scale. The appearance of this car gives people a feeling of calmness. Of course, the large vertical net at the front of the car is also very imposing."

Special feature of 1905 film network As of press time, Hong Kong films have grossed more than 67 million yuan in five days in mainland China.Previously, the film has made over HK$ 100 million at the box office in China and Hong Kong, surpassing the first place in the history of Hong Kong films made in Asia and Hong Kong. For the first time in a hundred years, the box office of local movies has exceeded 100 million, and a new milestone in the history of Hong Kong movies was officially born.

At present, the top three Chinese-language films in the box office of Hong Kong film history are The Bitch Lawyer and The Battle of Tomorrow.The above three films are the first and second works of directors, and these achievements seem to make Hong Kong film circles present a positive signal — — The rise of the new director has brought another batch of acclaimed and blockbuster new works.

Since the late 1990s, there have been many doubts about the decline of Hong Kong films. The expansion of the mainland market, the northward movement of local directors and the impact of streaming media have all contributed to the decline of Hong Kong films.

Is the Hong Kong film dead? The new directors are searching for the answer on the new road of development, trying to say "no" with painstaking efforts and achievements!

A new director from the transformation

In his early years, the director of "Poisonous Tongue Lawyer" wrote many classic films.

"I still think you are the best" director worked as a screenwriter for other works before directing his debut;He Juetian, the director of The Cloister of Justice, worked as a screenwriter and deputy director before he gradually waited for the opportunity to shoot The Cloister of Justice.ScreenwriterPainted Skin, The MagicianHe has served as deputy director for many famous directors for more than 20 years.Huang qingxunJust started to create the first director’s work.I’m Livin’it.

He was appreciated and won the Best Visual Effect Award at the Hong Kong Film Awards for three times before directing "Tomorrow’s Battle".

Or a screenwriter, or an assistant director, or production designer, or special effects design ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

What they heard on the set made them have a deep understanding of the post of director. In particular, posts closely related to famous directors are more likely to get corresponding guidance and support from communication. This has also created a long-standing "mentoring system" in Hong Kong’s director circles.

Fortunately, the Hong Kong SAR Government has further increased its support for new directors in recent years. As early as 2007, the Hong Kong SAR Government injected HK$ 320 million into the Film Development Fund, serving the First Drama Film Project, the Film Production Funding Plan, the Film Production Financing Plan and other film-related projects.

In an exclusive interview with 1905 Film Network last year, the director specifically mentioned "the first plot film plan". The program is divided into student groups and professional groups, and the winning scripts can be funded.

"Obsolete Festival", which was nominated for the 41st Hong Kong Film Awards earlier, is one of the beneficiaries. By June, 2022, the Fund had allocated a total of HK$ 217 million for 57 Hong Kong-made films, including 17 directorial debuts, such as Wai Lun Ng’s "Bitch Lawyer", "Make a Good Movie" and "Make a Good Movie".

The "first drama film plan" must be escorted by a professional producer. Many experienced directors have thus become "guiding lights" for new directors, continuing the fine tradition of Hong Kong’s directors to bring the old with the new. Like Why Jue Tian produced The Cloister of Justice and I’m Livin’it He produced for Huang Qingxun, Tung shing Yee also produced the first director feature film Diary of Youth for Zhuo Yiqian, one of the screenwriters.

Today, famous directors who used to occupy the forefront of Hong Kong’s box office have taken root in the mainland, so the younger generation of creators can have a wider space to play in the local market. In addition, countless award-winning senior directors are willing to give full play to their own advantages and cultivate fresh blood for the local market. The rise of the new director in Hong Kong can be described as the result of combining the right time and the right place.

Tell the story of China and Hongkong well.

The best director who won the Hong Kong Film Awards the most times once said that winning the award is not her ultimate goal, and it is her concern to gain the trust of investors through winning the award, so as to obtain film investment. Great directors such as Xu Anhua still need to worry about funds, and the situation faced by new directors is even worse. It is not easy to find investment, and it is extremely difficult to find a large amount of investment.

Weng Ziguang spent all the savings he had originally planned to buy a house for the producer "The Cloister of Justice", but he was still one million short of the filming cost. Later, the mysterious man made up the final payment, and the film finally started shooting as he wished.

The director’s first work "Flowing Water Out of Flowers" can be promoted smoothly, which is inseparable from the star’s willingness to join "zero pay".

Two new director’s works, Poisonous Lawyer and I still think you are the best, are lucky to be favored, but they are not high-cost productions. Controlling creative funds is the first threshold that new directors must face, and expensive action movies are often not their first choice.

Although action movies are the golden signboard of Hong Kong movies, some directors have made classic examples at low cost in the past, but the overall consumption of this type is large and the prospect of return is vague, which directly leads to the difficulty for new generation creators to get corresponding opportunities.

Apart from Huang Qingxun’s "Broken Net" and his co-production, which won investment support from the mainland, few new directors’ creations in recent years belong to the type of action crime.

Wai Lun Ng once admitted in a public interview that judging from his past experience, Jiang Zhiqiang knew that he was better at creating action movies, but Mr. Jiang still said that the budget of action movies was relatively high and the prospects were not clear, and asked him if he wanted to make a literary drama first.

Wai Lun Ng is a bit difficult to listen to the call, "really used to writing action movies".Finally, he agreed, and there was a "Poisonous Lawyer" with a legal theme. The director skillfully integrated the rhythm of his own action film into the angry words of the chief prosecutor and the barrister.

Investors are willing to support the creation of new directors, but they are not allowed to "do whatever they want". Therefore, facing the local market and telling the story of Hong Kong well has become the focus of the new director.

They are keen to observe social changes, pay attention to life, tap the memories of the times, and create films that deeply imprint Hong Kong. "Now many new directors are beginning to care about what happens in their lives and regard it as their own creative theme, which the previous directors will never shoot." He has repeatedly supported the creation of new directors.

Dim Lights focuses on the disappearing neon sign culture in Hong Kong. I’m Livin’it revolves around a group of Hong Kong people who are forced to stay in fast food restaurants because of the blow to their lives; I still think you’re the best, and the Hong Kong versions of The Tale of Superstar Cultivation are translated into the names of Fanxi Attack on the Heart and Ama You Yi The Second, which contain a strong Cantonese cultural atmosphere ….. Hong Kong characteristics are integrated into the light and shadow stories, which resonates with local audiences, and the new directors are full of romance and charm.

After several years of polishing a script, many new directors’ works have gained a good reputation.

The 7.7-point Bitch Lawyer, 7.4-point I still think you are the best, and 7.9-point Justice Corridor are all well-known works of Chinese movies in recent years. And many new Hong Kong actors have gradually entered the public’s field of vision with the creation of the new director, including those in "The Bad Tongue Lawyer", "I still think you are the best" and "The Story of Superstars", such as Jiang Tao and Liu Yingting.

Whether it is a director or an actor, it is always a good thing for Hong Kong films to have a rich reserve of filmmakers.

The market cannot be bypassed.

Commercial films have to face the market test, which is cruel and realistic.As of press time, the research institute predicts that the total box office of "Poisonous Tongue Lawyer" in mainland China is expected to exceed 173 million. Compared with the box office of the film in Hong Kong, this kind of achievement is not particularly outstanding. Being regarded as the "Zihua God"Wong Tze Wah; Dayo WongIt is difficult to show the box office appeal outside Greater Bay Area, and it is difficult for mainland audiences to resonate with a large number of localized expressions in the play.

The cultural difference between the two places is obviously the factor that leads to the completely different performance of the film market, and "Poisonous Lawyer" is not an isolated case affected by this.The Bad Tongue Lawyer, Tomorrow’s War and I still think you’re the best have all experienced a decline in word-of-mouth after being released in the mainland.

The former Douban score has dropped from 8.1 to 7.7, Tomorrow’s Battle has dropped from 6.5 to 6.1, and Still Think You Are the Best with a score of 8.0 was once the highest-rated romantic comedy movie in 2022, but the score was only maintained at 7.4. The longer it is released, the more comments it gets, but the word-of-mouth keeps declining, which reflects to some extent that these Hong Kong films may not reach the "expected value" of mainland audiences.

These films also indirectly illustrate the problem in terms of the box office difference between Hong Kong and mainland markets."Still Think You Are the Best", starring Wong Tze Wah, ranked third in the box office of Chinese movies in Hong Kong, with a total domestic box office of HK$ 77.66 million. However, the total box office in mainland China, whose market scale is dozens of times higher than that in Hong Kong, has just exceeded 100 million, only about HK$ 40 million higher than that in the local area.

Looking at the mainland market, the top three box office films in Hong Kong (1.329 billion) (1.314 billion) (1.312 billion) are classic Hong Kong-style action movies. "Eliminating Violence" directed by Ho Leung Lau, which won 538 million box office, belongs to this category. None of the above films broke into the top ten of the local box office, but they were deeply loved by mainland audiences. The difference between the two audiences’ keen viewing styles can be seen.

Looking back, although the success of "Poisonous Lawyers" in China has proved that the Hong Kong market has unlimited possibilities for the development of Hong Kong films. However, based on the creative perspective of the new directors in Hong Kong, if they want to compete for a larger market, how to balance the tastes of audiences around the world while telling a good story about Hong Kong is another major issue they need to face.

What I bring to you today is that it has many highlights. Let’s take a look at it next.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the Pentium pony. The design of the front of the Pentium pony is very delicate and looks very clean and refreshing. The headlights are cold and very clean and refreshing. The car is equipped with etc. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 3000MM*1510MM*1630MM, the car uses cold lines, the car body presents a cool design style, with large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. Looking back, the rear of the car looks very personal, the taillight style is clean and refreshing, and the overall look is very avant-garde.

Sitting in the car, the interior design of Pentium pony took a fashionable route, and the overall design was very calm. The steering wheel of the car is eye-catching and made of plastic, giving people an impulse to control it. From the central control point of view, the design of the center console is reasonable, which makes the interior design quite layered and cute. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the design is sporty. The car uses a fabric seat and is equipped with functions such as the proportional tilting of the seat, which improves the riding experience of the driver and passenger.

Pentium pony matching gearbox, 30KW, 90N.m, good power performance.

Look at the configuration again. Pentium Pony is equipped with Bluetooth /WIFI connection, sunshade mirror, USB interface, uphill assist, rear reversing radar and other configurations.

This class of cars can often give consideration to both cost performance and practicality, and is often considered by most consumers as the first choice when buying a car. If you plan to buy a car and the budget is not particularly adequate, this model is worth considering.

　　 On the afternoon of September 19th, National Cyber Security Publicity Week held the first forum "Cyber Security Technology Summit Forum". The picture shows the forum site. China Netcom Network Jiao Peng photo

　　 On the afternoon of September 19th, National Cyber Security Publicity Week held the first forum "Cyber Security Technology Summit Forum". The picture shows the forum site. China Netcom Network Jiao Peng photo

　　 On the afternoon of September 19th, National Cyber Security Publicity Week held the first forum "Cyber Security Technology Summit Forum". The world’s top cyber security experts, such as Eugene Kaspersky, CEO of Kaspersky, Steve Martino, Chief Information Security Officer of Cisco, Shen Xiangyang, global executive vice president of Microsoft, Zhang Yong, CEO of Alibaba and Zhou Hongyi, chairman of 360 Company, expressed their opinions and shared their thoughts and suggestions on cyber security technology.

　　 As the main forum of the National Cyber Security Publicity Week, the "Cyber Security Technology Summit Forum" is guided by the Central Network Information Office, hosted by the Wuhan Municipal People’s Government, and undertaken by China Internet Network Information Center, China Cyberspace Security Association, and Electronics No.1 Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

　　 Yang Xueshan, former vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: The integration of the five major technologies will usher in an intelligent era within 15 years.

　　 Regarding the long-term development trend of information technology, Yang Xueshan takes 2030 as the boundary, and thinks that information technology will show four characteristics. At present, the transmission and processing technology is maturing, and the physical technology and physical limit supporting its development are coming. The application in various fields of economy and society has also reached or is touching the ceiling. In the visible time, there is generally no new technology to replace it. But maturity does not mean completion, and there are still innovations.

　　 Perception and behavior technology is in a period of rapid development. He believes that perceptual technology is the starting point and behavioral technology is the end point. How to make behavioral technology as mature as human brain commanding hands and feet, we still lack the support of theoretical basis. The content technology, that is, the familiar big data technology, is unevenly developed. Yang Xueshan introduced that the processing of digital data is mature, and it is entering a rapid development period for relatively simple digital data, text data and even some voice and video specific applications; The real audio and video processing can process digital, text, audio and video like a human brain. In this respect, we are still in the initial stage, which is the early stage of development. If the above five technologies are integrated to build a new system technology, it will become the most important content in the economic and social development in the next 15 years.

　　 Academician Tsinghua University Wu Jianping: Cyberspace security is actually the competition of high-level talents.

　　 Wu Jianping said that cyberspace is the fifth territory of mankind after land, sea, air and space. The challenge of cyberspace is mainly the challenge of Internet infrastructure security, which mainly includes the lack of source address, source address verification, large-scale network attacks, large-scale domain name hijacking and counterfeiting. Summarizing the characteristics of network security is that it is holistic rather than fragmented, dynamic rather than static, open rather than closed, relative rather than absolute, and global rather than independent.

　　 Cyberspace security is actually the competition of high-level talents. Before 2013, there were 96 colleges and universities involved in information security. Generally speaking, high-level talents are the most urgent. At present, about 60 universities in the world have master’s degrees in cyberspace security, focusing on chip security and Internet infrastructure security. Cyberspace security has penetrated into all parts of cyberspace. Strengthening basic research and mastering core technologies in cyberspace is the key to solve cyberspace security. We should cultivate more high-level talents such as masters and doctors.

　　 Zhang Yong, CEO of Alibaba Group: Prepare for the next vent.

　　 Zhang Yong said, from the beginning, safety has been our greatest concern. However, with the development of the whole information technology and the wide application of big data in life, network security cannot be prevented by defense alone, and the lasting vitality of security comes from attack. The most important thing is to be able to use big data and the technology we have mastered to trace and trace the upstream of the black and gray industrial chain. Only in this way can our industry and consumers be truly safe.

　　 The development of information technology is changing with each passing day. While many people are still discussing privacy protection and mobile security, in fact, various emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, intelligent manufacturing, voice and image recognition are developing rapidly, and the security of the Internet of Things has become the next vent. Safety technology and protection must not be static. In this process, how can we predict the next tuyere in advance and prepare for the next tuyere is very important.

　　 Shen Xiangyang, global executive vice president of Microsoft: Trustworthy technology and security are the foundation when the fourth industrial revolution comes.

　　 Shen Xiangyang said that security and trust are becoming more and more important. With the development of information technology, we are welcoming the fourth industrial revolution, which will mainly focus on three types of technologies. The first type of technology is the development of the material field, including new materials, self-driving cars, robots, 3D printing, etc. The second category is the sustainable development of the biological field, in which technologies such as genetic testing and genetic engineering are not only helpful to human health but also to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry; The third category is the development of digital technology, which will affect everyone. Therefore, trustworthy technology and safety are the foundation for us to move towards the fourth industrial revolution. Shen Xiangyang said that in the past, we separated the physical space from the digital world, and now we know that the digital world is changing our physical life. In today’s world, there is no national security without network security. We not only live in a world of diversified technologies, but also live in an era when Internet security challenges. European governments have launched network security guidelines to protect infrastructure.

　　 Zhou Hongyi, Chairman of 360 Company: The accuracy of fraudulent SMS is improving. It is suggested to speed up the legislation of personal information protection.

　　 Zhou Hongyi said that some time ago, the media reported more news about the death of Shandong college students by phone fraud. Why is communication fraud so easy to succeed? On the surface, fraud is the result, but the reason behind it is the disclosure of personal information. Since the beginning of this year, many people feel that the accuracy of receiving fraudulent text messages has been greatly improved. In the past, fraudulent text messages were sent in groups. Now he knows your name and is easily deceived. At present, more and more websites have real data and information of users, but there are obvious loopholes in security protection. It is suggested that the state strengthen legislation in this regard.

　　 Steve Martino, Chief Information Security Officer of Cisco: There are five magic weapons to solve cyber threats.

　　 Regarding how to protect the network security of enterprises, Steve Martino said that there are five magic weapons to win. The first magic weapon is the need for an "architect". Enterprises need a comprehensive network security governance and operation system, and they need to look at their identity from a higher angle to start the most comprehensive protection. Everything is like a complete building, interlocking. The second magic weapon is education, and all employees will receive relevant education regularly, thus greatly reducing the bad influence brought by phishing websites. Thirdly, network security is as important as operational performance. We are very concerned about our performance, but we often regard network security as the second most important thing, which is wrong. With architects, we need a complete epidemic prevention system. Architects understand all the components and how they cooperate with each other. Security experts use the latest technology to stop threats, but if all departments do not communicate, the network crisis will not be solved quickly. Finally, a very adaptable and flexible defense system is needed.

　　 Ding Lieyun, academician of China Academy of Engineering and president of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: If information technology is not transformed, it will melt like a popsicle.

　　 Ding Lieyun said that in the past two decades, in the information field, the mode of transformation of university achievements has been continuously upgraded, and the related information security achievements formed by universities have made breakthroughs in a certain field. However, very few of them went it alone in the market, and most of them took the form of achievements transfer or shareholding, and the achievements could not get out of the ivory tower because they were "blocked" on the road of transformation.

　　 The original innovation ability is insufficient, and the poor connection between science and technology and economy has become a "blocking point". Ding Lieyun believes that the way to unblock traffic congestion lies in promoting the establishment of a collaborative innovation system integrating politics and Industry-University-Research. The government should build a platform and make overall plans for R&D activities. The country must have grand planning and overall design to comprehensively coordinate the research and development of important links in the information technology system, build an open technology ecology and create an effective means of technology ecology. At the same time, original innovation should be combined with integrated innovation. Enterprises should summon up courage to advance into the deep-water area of technology, no longer be limited to the innovation of information technology and security technology at the application level, aim at the national strategic needs, focus on the key breakthroughs at the infrastructure level, create a safe and independent information platform, and break through the technical barriers of multidisciplinary and multi-dimensional; Universities need multi-field technical cooperation breakthrough, and multi-disciplinary crossing is the inherent advantage of universities. To strengthen interdisciplinary crossing, we must have ideological innovation and institutional innovation at the same time, and speed up the last mile of improving the transformation of achievements; Although there are risks, there are more opportunities for breakthrough and decisive innovation. Finally, capital should have foresight to cooperate with innovation.

　　 Li Jiancheng, Academician of China Academy of Engineering and Vice President of Wuhan University: Network security construction is based on law and technology.

　　 Li Jiancheng said that Tsinghua University teachers were cheated, Song Zhenning’s case and other frauds in the media have hidden huge personal privacy leaks. However, "data openness" and "information security" are two sides of the same coin. In the era of big data drive, new resources, new thinking and new technologies have shaped new industries, spawned new occupations and created a new era. However, when big data is opened and data is released anytime and anywhere, it may also be attacked by hackers anytime and anywhere.

　　 So where does big data go under cyberspace security? Li Jiancheng suggested that law is the foundation, and management and technology are the support. Cyberspace security law needs to be promulgated urgently, and cyberspace security management rules and regulations need to be promulgated urgently. Law and technology are equally important in big data and information security. "

　　 Yang Debin, Director of the Office of the Chief Information Officer of the Hong Kong Government: Inform the network security information in time and defend against it early. Smart city products are designed with safety as the source.

　　 Yang Debin said that the penetration rate of broadband services and smart phones in Hong Kong has reached 84%. In terms of digital and personal safety, Hong Kong ranks fourth and sixth respectively in the world. At present, the types of threats to network security in Hong Kong include malicious software, advanced network attacks and denial of service attacks. In the future, the development of smart cities and the realization of smart transportation, smart medical care, smart power grid and smart home through the Internet of Things will not only bring convenience to life, but also aggravate the network security problem.

　　 Yang Debin shared several ways to improve network security: the first is to inform each other of network security information in time through people-to-people, government-to-government, and government-to-people, so as to prevent and resist some behaviors that affect network security as soon as possible. Second, enterprises need to take diversified protection work, not only a protective wall, or encryption, or backup, but also more knowledge and awareness training in employee training. In addition, in view of the new technology, all kinds of products developed in smart cities should take safety as the source of design. Different products must take all safety into account when designing, so as to achieve that all products can have methods to defend themselves from hackers and effectively resist them. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of network security of netizens through seminars, publicity and schools.

　　 Jeremy Benn Flem, global vice president of Israeli Checkpoint Company: 4 The attack sounded the alarm and network security has risen to the national level.

　　 Remy Ben Flem mentioned that there are four typical cases of being attacked in the history of network security: one is Ukrainian power outage, which is caused by malicious code; Second, in the Central Bank of Bangladesh, attackers sent phishing emails to bank staff, stole terminal passwords, and transferred money between banks in the Philippines; Third, the arrival and departure stations of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City airports in Vietnam were attacked, which paralyzed the airports. Fourth, a chain hospital in Maryland was blackmailed and more than 1000 patients’ appointments were cancelled.

　　 Remy Benn Flem said that at present, physical safety can be well guarded, such as not letting anyone near our airport. But we should also see other factors, such as the instrument landing system. If you turn it off, the whole airport will be paralyzed, as well as the baggage system and ticketing system, which are vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, the future defense system will also be multi-layered. He believes that the current network security has risen to the national level. But to be one step ahead, the first thing is architecture, like an architect, to ensure its consistency; The second is defense, not only detection and discovery, but defense before the attack, which is very difficult; The third is automation, with an early warning system.

　　 Zeng Anye, President of Chow Tai Fook Group: To improve the national cyber security capability, it is necessary to get through all links and unite talents with each other.

　　 This year, Chow Tai Fook donated 300 million yuan to set up a cyber security fund. Under the guidance of the Central Network Information Office and the Ministry of Education, the fund is mainly used to reward outstanding cyber security talents, excellent teachers and excellent teaching materials, and support the training of cyber security talents. We believe that to enhance the national cyber security capability, we not only need the government’s strong support from education, scientific research and industry, but more importantly, we need to get talents from all links to unite with each other and build a complete cyber security ecological chain. In this process, we should pay special attention to giving full play to the role of enterprises and social capital and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. (China Netcom Su Ying)

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introduction

"Oh-oh-oh-"A long call broke the silence of the morning.

It was dawn, and it was estimated that the Yunnan golden monkey had woken up. The patrolmen of Xiangguqing in Tacheng Town, Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, Yunnan Province began to shout to the forest.

"Uh-huh, uh-huh …" Soon, there was a reply in the Woods.

Xiangguqing, located in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, is home to 10 "families" and more than 60 Yunnan golden monkeys. It is the only place where people can observe Yunnan golden monkeys at close range. Get along with each other day and night, the patrolmen have established a special connection with these Yunnan golden monkeys: only under their call will Yunnan golden monkeys appear from the deep mountains and forests. This makes the tourists from afar amazed.

Yunnan golden monkey with a nose facing upwards, pink lips and big eyes is a rare and endangered first-class protected animal unique to China, living in alpine forests at an altitude of 2,500 to 4,700 meters. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in the core area of "Three Parallel Rivers" world natural heritage, and it is the habitat of about 60% Yunnan golden monkey.

In October this year, the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity will be held in Kunming, Yunnan. "As the chairman of the Kunming Conference, China is willing to share its experience in biodiversity management and ecological civilization construction with all parties." On September 30, 2020, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out in an important speech at the United Nations Biodiversity Summit that "at present, the global extinction rate is accelerating, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation pose great risks to human survival and development. The COVID-19 epidemic tells us that man and nature are a community of destiny. We must work together, take action, protect in development, develop in protection, and build a harmonious beautiful homeland. "

"The mountains are high and the mountains are long." After long-term protection, the population and total number of Yunnan golden monkey have been increasing. At the end of April this year, Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Bureau announced the dynamic monitoring results of Yunnan golden monkey which lasted for more than two years. The population and total number of Yunnan golden monkey have increased from 1000 to 1500 in 13 populations in 1996 to more than 3300 in 23 populations at present. The dynamic monitoring of Yunnan golden monkey was carried out in a coordinated way of "government+non-profit organizations+experts+protectors+community residents", and its result "Green Paper on the Protection of Yunnan golden monkey" has also been officially published.

The protection effect of Yunnan golden monkey is a vivid example of China’s continuous promotion of biodiversity management and ecological civilization construction. In summer, the reporter walked into Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve to visit how Yunnan golden monkey ushered in a recovery growth.

Strengthen field patrol

The patrol force is growing, the means are becoming more diverse and the system is becoming more standardized.

Every day, from 6 am to 8: 30 pm, Yu Jianhua is guarding the monkeys in Xiangguqing. What sheltered him from the wind and rain was a simple plastic shed. In the early morning, he led the guarded Yunnan golden monkey from the night-stay point to the monkey-watching point, fed them pineapples and apples, and welcomed the tourists who came to visit in the morning. As soon as the monkey is in a bad mental state, he will immediately contact the nearby wildlife rescue station. When the monkey took a nap, he quickly grabbed a bite to eat.

Yu Jianhua is 69 years old. From the age of 14 to 45, he lived mainly by hunting. At one time, many villagers around Xiangguqing hunted and cut down trees for their livelihood, and the habitat of Yunnan golden monkey was affected. The number of monkeys was once reduced, and the protection situation was grim.

Improving biological habitat is the basis of biodiversity protection. In 1983, the Yunnan provincial government approved the establishment of Baima Snow Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve (in 1988, it was upgraded to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council), and then the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve Management Office was set up in Deqin Forestry Bureau, with two protection stations, namely Xiaruo and Yeri, and Shusong Experimental Station, which opened the prelude to the protection of Yunnan golden monkey. In that year, Zhong Tai, currently the deputy director of the Management and Protection Bureau of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan, was recruited and assigned to Yeri Protection Station, becoming the first batch of staff specializing in the protection of Yunnan golden monkeys.

When I first arrived at the protection station, Zhong Tai still remembers: "When I came to the protection station, I had to take a truck to Benzilan Town, Deqin County, and then follow the caravan for three days. At that time, the protection station didn’t even have office space. We built the station by ourselves. " A mule became the main means of transportation for the four staff members of the protection station to transport materials.

It is not easy to build a station, and it is not difficult to carry out protection work. Yunnan golden monkey lives in high mountains and dense forests far away from human beings, and the population is very small, so it is difficult to see. "Tell the masses to protect Yunnan golden monkeys, but what they look like, most people have never seen them." Zhong Tai said.

In order to assist researchers in investigating Yunnan golden monkey, Zhong Taihe and his colleagues often carry a dozen pairs of rubber shoes into the mountains-wading through mountains and rivers, and they can wear out a pair of shoes in three to five days, and it takes more than 10 days or even a month to turn around in the mountains. Everything comes to him who waits. At the end of 1985, Zhong Tai, together with experts from Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, met Yunnan golden monkey for the first time. Only then did he know that the adult Yunnan golden monkey was black and white, not as golden as Sichuan golden monkey.

After more than 10 years, the team of tracking and monitoring Yunnan golden monkey has gradually grown, and Yu Jianhua is one of them. "Don’t hunt, go up the mountain to find and patrol the Yunnan golden monkey." In the spring of 1997, Li Hu, then director of Weixi County Forestry Bureau, found Yu Jianhua. The county forestry bureau also squeezed out a part of the poor office funds to pay 6 yuan’s daily salary to each patrol member. In this way, Yu Jianhua became one of the first local three Yunnan golden monkey patrolmen.

In order to find the Yunnan golden monkey, Yu Jianhua and his colleagues crossed the mountains and walked more than ten kilometers of mountain roads every day. On rainy days, the mountains are foggy and the visibility is only a few meters. They are hiding from the rain under trees and rocks, and they are all wet. In snowy days, the snow in the mountains often does not cross the waist, and the rugged mountain road is even more difficult.

Over the years, Yu Jianhua and his colleagues have discovered hundreds of monkeys, and gradually figured out the way to find Yunnan golden monkeys: either tracking them according to the feces on the ground and the food they left behind, or climbing to the trees on the ridge to explore the sounds of Yunnan golden monkeys, or placing their favorite foods such as bamboo shoots, wild fruits and pineapples along the way, or waiting not far from the drinking point …

"After following the monkeys for seven or eight years, we not only found the monkeys, but also gained their trust." Yu Jianhua said, "The monkey remembered our voice and appearance, saw us, let down his guard, and stayed in the tree for food and a nap."

With the passage of time, tracking patrol entered the standardized track.

This year’s continuous dry weather has turned the thick moss in the dense forest of Baima Snow Mountain into yellow. To solve this problem found in the field patrol, Benzilan Management Office cleaned up and repaired the drinking points in the forest and built three new reservoirs for wild animals such as Yunnan golden monkeys to drink. The construction of the reservoir is quite particular: in order to prevent monkeys from falling into the water, the length, width and depth of the reservoir are tailor-made; Put medicine and salt in the pool to prevent diseases.

Benzilan Management Office was formed in 2005 by the merger of Xiaruo and Yeri Conservation Stations and Shusong Experimental Station, and directly belongs to Deqin Branch of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau. When the reporter interviewed here, half of the 10 staff members were on patrol in the wild. Chen Jie, deputy director of the management office, said that patrol is one of the most basic and important tasks of resource management and protection in protected areas, and it is now increasingly standardized. "Daily patrol and monitoring patrol should make an annual plan in advance, clarify the route, and focus on finding and solving problems; The inspection and patrol of irregular and indefinite lines is to act immediately after receiving reports from the masses. "

Yu Jianhua’s son, Yu Zhonghua, has been engaged in patrol work in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve for 15 years. He talks about the protection of Yunnan golden monkeys: what food they have all year round, what wild animals are there in their habitat … Compared with his father, Yu Zhonghua pays more attention to observation and research. He will consult the researchers who come to the reserve for field trips, and upload his own videos of Yunnan golden monkeys to the network and share them with fans.

"In the early years, patrolling the mountains protected long-term camping. Now the protected area uses infrared monitoring to observe animal activities, collect scientific data and control poaching activities." Yu Zhonghua told reporters that nowadays, we pay attention to the application of scientific and technological means in patrol. Many high-definition cameras are deployed in the deep mountains and forests, and one camera can monitor the surrounding area with a radius of two kilometers. The video system is directly connected with the relevant administrative departments of Yunnan Province and Diqing Prefecture, realizing remote online monitoring and dispatching.

The patrol force is also strengthening. The patrol team of Xiangguqing has expanded from the initial 3 to 28, among which many experienced the transformation from hunters to patrols. The treatment guarantee is also improving. "At first, the county forestry bureau allocated wages from office funds, but now it has been transferred to the special funds of Yunnan Golden Monkey National Park in the protected area, and the salary has been raised to 1,800 yuan per month." Yu Jianhua introduced.

Strengthen scientific research support

Carry out research on conservation biology and ecological behavior of Yunnan golden monkey, and at the same time carry out monitoring research and systematic protection of the whole forest ecosystem.

Not long ago, the "Mi Li" family of Yunnan golden monkey liked to add a baby monkey, which is the eleventh baby monkey newly born this year in Xiangguqing’s exhibition group.

"The female monkeys in the display group give birth to one child every two years on average. For the rare and endangered Yunnan golden monkey, such growth is very rare." Yu Jianhua is beaming.

Behind the rejuvenation of Yunnan golden monkey population, it is inseparable from the efforts of scientific research and patrol personnel. In May, 2008, Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve separated some families from Xiangguqing-Monkey Group, on the one hand, it showed them to the outside world and developed eco-tourism; On the other hand, it explores the management of "native place", that is, through manual intervention, some Yunnan golden monkeys are confined to relatively fixed areas for scientific observation and protection.

Today, more than 60 Yunnan golden monkeys in Xiangguqing show monkeys. Their living area is located in Yunnan Golden Monkey National Park in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve. The surrounding forest vegetation community is complete and the environment is livable. In addition to the staple foods such as pineapples, Yu Jianhua and his colleagues also prepared supplementary foods such as eggs, apples and pumpkin seeds for them to improve nutrition.

"The monkeys will change an area for the night every day. In order to prevent them from getting sick, we will wait for them to choose a rest area and make sure there is no problem before going down the mountain." Yu Jianhua waited for the monkeys to sleep before going home every day. The next morning, before the monkeys woke up, he came to the monkeys.

Getting along with each other day and night, Yu Jianhua can name every monkey, and he can tell their joys and sorrows by shouting. This is closely related to the management of "native place"-researchers have established a family file for each Yunnan golden monkey, recording its family members, age structure and blood relationship in detail. "Field patrol can only discover and roughly grasp the number and distribution of monkeys, and’ native’ management is helpful for close scientific observation and research on conservation biology and ecological behavior of Yunnan golden monkey." Zhong Tai said.

Close observation helped researchers discover the "earth" for treating diarrhea in Yunnan golden monkey. Lai Jiandong, the stationmaster of the Wildlife Rescue Station in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, recalled that the Yunnan golden monkey in the reserve had been infected with parasites and was in a poor mental state. The rescue station tried many drugs to no avail. Later, the mystery was found in the recipes used to improve the nutrition of Yunnan golden monkey: pumpkin seeds and sumac seeds can effectively inhibit parasites and are very useful for treating diarrhea of Yunnan golden monkey.

"Adult male monkeys often have fights, and we don’t directly intervene in this, because it helps the reproduction and communication between different monkey groups and avoids inbreeding. Once a monkey is found to be injured in the fight, please immediately ask the staff of the wildlife rescue station to come to the rescue. " Zhong Tai said that in order to reduce the internal competition among monkeys and promote the gene exchange among different monkeys, the number of Yunnan golden monkeys showing the monkeys should be kept within 70. "Once it exceeds 70, it will be properly grouped."

The monitoring and research on the habitat of Yunnan golden monkey, and the broadening and protection are also advancing simultaneously.

The vehicle stopped at the side of National Highway 214, and the reporter went downhill along the mountain path. It took about an hour to walk to Quzonggong, an alpine meadow in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve. Two huge U-shaped valleys meet here, and two rivers, Jini and Jiniu, flow out. It is located in the upper reaches of Zhubaluo River, a tributary of Jinsha River, and Quzonggong ecological positioning monitoring station is built here.

Walking along the Jiniu River, pieces of white tarpaulins laid under the dense forest on the roadside caught the attention of reporters. "There are many tree species such as spruce, fir and big-fruit sequoia, which is a stable forest ecological community." Tibu, the stationmaster of Quzonggong Ecological Positioning Monitoring Station, said, "These white tarpaulins are mainly used to collect fallen leaves and fallen fruits on trees. We analyze the forest canopy density through the number of fallen leaves and fruits in an area; By detecting and testing fallen leaves, analyze whether there are pests and diseases in relevant forest areas, and then realize the health monitoring of forest ecosystems. "

After years of patrol, Yu Zhonghua observed this phenomenon: "The places where Yunnan golden monkeys love to move are often places with many kinds of animals and plants and stable forest ecology. Some artificial forests with single tree species are not willing to go. "

Mao Wei, deputy director of the Management and Protection Bureau of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, believes that the protection of Yunnan golden monkey needs to adhere to systematic thinking, protect the diversity of animals and plants, establish a stable and complete forest ecosystem, and create a good habitat for Yunnan golden monkey.

In recent years, researchers and patrolmen of Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, together with Yu Li, a researcher from Yunnan University, and other research teams have jointly conducted field surveys to analyze the DNA genetic relationship of Yunnan golden monkey, and a species gene bank is being built. They have collected 3051 fecal samples from 22 Yunnan golden snub-nosed monkeys, and found that the genetic diversity of Yunnan golden snub-nosed monkeys is at the middle-upper level compared with other primates. In order to improve the genetic diversity, they proposed to build an ecological corridor connecting the habitats of Yunnan golden monkey.

In July 2019, Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Bureau, together with more than 10 associations and scientific research institutions including the Provincial Green Environment Development Foundation, initiated the establishment of a nationwide protection network for Yunnan golden monkey to strengthen the protection of Yunnan golden monkey population and its habitat. By the end of last year, 6,100 mu of ecological corridor had been restored and afforested, and 630,000 trees such as spruce, Pinus armandii and fir had been planted.

Form a protective resultant force

Explore the community co-management mechanism to guide the masses from passive protection to active protection of Yunnan golden monkey.

At one time, there were more than 70,000 farmers in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and its surrounding area of 3 kilometers, including cutting firewood, digging Cordyceps and Tricholoma matsutake, and reclaiming land for agriculture and animal husbandry.

On the one hand, it is the survival of Yunnan golden monkey, and on the other hand, it is the livelihood of the masses. How to coordinate biodiversity protection and help farmers increase their income to achieve a win-win situation?

"In recent years, the protection measures for Yunnan golden monkey have been continuously strengthened, and the results are obvious." Xie Hongfang, who stepped down as director of the Management and Protection Bureau of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve last year, said, "In the long run, we must better mobilize the enthusiasm of surrounding villagers to benefit from protection."

In the early morning, Yu Xinhua, a villager in Xiangguqing, climbed a hillside covered with nettles and came to a shady shed. The Chinese herbal medicines such as Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, Gentiana macrophylla and Cynomorium songaricum in the field grew gratifying. After working in the field, he went to the nearby bee farm to cut honey. Planting Chinese herbal medicine and beekeeping, Yu Xinhua’s family earns more than 50 thousand yuan a year.

Yu Xinhua began to raise bees in 2011, but different from his parents’ methods, according to the expert’s guidance, his family’s beehives are no longer made of hollowed trunks, but new hives that are warm and hygienic. "Beekeeping with new beehives is easy to manage and the quality of honey produced is higher." Yu Xinhua said, "Thanks to the community condominium project, teachers from Yunnan Agricultural University were invited to teach us scientific beekeeping methods."

Since 2014, Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve has carried out the exploration of community condominium for biodiversity conservation, taking the management of natural resources in the reserve and community economic and social development as a whole, focusing on improving the livelihood of the villagers in the reserve and surrounding areas, changing their production and lifestyle, and guiding the masses to change from passive protection to active protection.

The practice of community condominium exploration has brought many changes, and Tricholoma matsutake resource management is one of them. Around July every year, when the rainy season comes, it is a good time to dig pine mushrooms, which is the main source of income for many villagers around the reserve. For a long time in the past, out of the psychology of "I don’t dig, others will dig", many immature velvet and old velvet that will leave seeds after opening an umbrella have also been dug, resulting in a decline in the output of Tricholoma matsutake year by year. The masses reflected this problem to the Protected Area Management and Protection Bureau.

The staff of the reserve discussed with the villagers to strengthen the management of Tricholoma matsutake resources, and decided to start with banning the mining of Tricholoma matsutake. At this time, the question came: how old is the velvet? Some people suggest measuring the size, but what if the person who measures it is a good friend? Finally, everyone agreed: welding steel rings according to a certain size, which can pass through is baby velvet, strictly prohibiting mining, and formulating punishment rules; Carry out intermittent picking, take three days off and let Tricholoma matsutake a breath; The growth of local Tricholoma matsutake can not be separated from Pinus yunnanensis and Quercus alpina. Many villages explicitly prohibit logging and firewood in village regulations to ensure the long-term income of Tricholoma matsutake.

Over the past few years, the matsutake of Baima Snow Mountain has gradually become a hot commodity in the market, which not only helps farmers increase their income, but also makes villagers realize the importance of protecting forest ecology.

Walking into Xiangguqing, the wooden board covered by the roof of every household disappeared, and it was replaced by a new material, resin tile. Zhong Tai, who has worked in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve for 38 years, said: "In the past, villagers used wooden’ roof boards’-cut down spruce trees and sawed them into pieces. Today, the experience of’ board to tile’ has been promoted in Diqing Prefecture. "

"The community co-management mechanism insists on reflecting the demands from the bottom up. According to the needs of the people’s production and life, the protected area management and protection bureau studies and solves problems, and demonstrates and explores by means of project system to drive and guide the surrounding villagers to protect and develop in protection." Zhao Weidong, a senior engineer of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau, said that in recent years, the community co-management mechanism has been promoted in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas, and the number of 15 species of national first-class protected wild animals, including Yunnan golden monkey, has been steadily increasing.

In September 2017, the Central Office and the State Council issued the "Overall Plan for Establishing a National Park System", which clearly stated "establishing a community co-management mechanism". In Xie Hongfang’s view, the community co-management mechanism is a microcosm of the powerful measures taken by the state to protect biodiversity. "At the end of the 1990s, China began to ban the felling of natural forests, and the’ wood finance’ of cutting down trees and selling money in some counties and districts gradually ended, which directly protected the living environment of Yunnan golden monkey. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have adhered to the principle that mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand are living communities, and jointly promoted biodiversity management. Practicing Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s concept and exploring the realization path of ecological value transformation have promoted new achievements in the protection of Yunnan golden monkey. " (Reporter Zhang Fan Xu Yuanfeng Yang Wenming)