On April 17th, the reporter learned from the FAST Operation and Development Center of the National Astronomical Observatory that more than 900 new pulsars have been discovered by the 500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST) known as the "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)".

　　Produce a series of world-class achievements in the fields of the origin of fast radio bursts and gravitational wave detection; Independent research and development of receiver core components is expected to go abroad; FAST core array construction is ready to go … …

　　Staring at the starry sky, I kept walking. "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" is constantly providing China wisdom to the world astronomy and China technology to the global engineering community.

　　Frequent achievements

　　"Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" is a well-known national weapon. In order to "produce early results, produce more results, produce good results and produce great results", China scientists constantly "challenge the limits of cognition and technology" and polish their profound "eyes" with "Creation by China".

On April 17th, the reporter got news from the FAST Operation and Development Center of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that the number of new pulsars discovered by the 500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST), known as the "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)", exceeded 900. Xinhua News Agency issued Liu Xu Lu Yuhan’s establishment

　　Up to now, Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) has discovered more than 900 new pulsars, including at least 170 millisecond pulsars, 120 binary pulsars and 80 faint occasional pulsars.

　　"We are expanding the cognitive limits of human beings to the universe." Han Jinlin, head of the galactic plane Pulsar Survey Project of the National Astronomical Observatory, said. In the 50 years from the discovery of the first pulsar by humans to the discovery of the first pulsar by FAST, less than 3,000 pulsars have been discovered in the world.

　　On October 10th, 2017, Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) announced the discovery of six new pulsars, achieving a "zero breakthrough". This is the first time that China has discovered pulsars with its own independently developed radio telescope.

　　At present, more than 900 new pulsars have been discovered by Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), which is more than three times the total number of pulsars discovered by other telescopes at the same time in the world.

　　Among them, compared with the normal pulsars, the radiation flux density of 80 faint occasional pulsars is one order of magnitude lower, and the lowest one has reached the submicrocentric order.

　　In Han Jinlin’s view, the study of these accidental pulsars is of great significance for understanding how many dense neutron star wrecks are formed after the death of stars in the Milky Way and revealing the unknown physical process of pulse radiation.

　　Han Jinlin told reporters that if searching for pulsars is compared to picking fruits, all the pulsars discovered before are close to the ground and easy to "pick", while the more than 900 new pulsars discovered by Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) are farther away or more difficult to pick.

　　Because each pulsar has its own special pulse and stable rotation frequency, they are equivalent to the "lighthouse" with unique signal marks in the universe. If the Interstellar can be realized in the future, these pulsars will provide "navigation" for human beings to travel in the vast universe.

　　"We accurately measure the coordinates of pulsars in space, and monitor the phases and corresponding positional relationships of multiple pulsar signals during the journey, so that humans will not get lost in interstellar travel." Han Jinlin said.

Panorama of "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" taken on February 26th, 2024 (panoramic picture of UAV, taken during maintenance). Xinhua News Agency reporter Ou Dongyu photo

　　It is the first time to observe the "pulse" of black hole in radio band, detect the key evidence of the existence of nanohertz gravitational wave, and detect and construct the world’s largest neutral hydrogen galaxy sample … … In recent years, "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" has made China contributions to exploring the mysteries of the universe.

　　In the face of the unknown and the future, human destiny is shared. From the moment it was born, "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" shouldered the mission.

　　Sun Chun, the measurement and control engineer of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), introduced that since it was officially opened to the global scientific community on March 31st, 2021, Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) has helped research teams from 15 countries including the United States, the Netherlands and Australia to carry out observation for nearly 900 hours, covering many fields such as scientific target drift scanning survey, neutral hydrogen galaxy survey, galaxy polarization survey, pulsar time measurement, and rapid radio burst observation.

　　In the foreseeable future, "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" will bring more new perspectives for the international astronomical community to continue to explore the universe and try to find the unknown, and make greater contributions to leading mankind to break through the new field of cognition.

　　Innovation is not limited.

　　"I thought it would be revised seven or eight times, but I didn’t expect the performance of the first edition to reach the world advanced level." Chai Xiaoming, a senior engineer at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced to the reporter a low-noise amplifier with a silver-plated shell and only the size of an organ. It was hard to hide his excitement in his speech.

　　Low noise amplifier is the core component of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) receiver, which was imported before.

　　In order to solve the problem of "stuck neck" and master the key technology in their own hands, Chai Xiaoming’s team spent nearly two years independently developing this high-performance domestic low-noise amplifier.

Panorama of "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" taken on February 26th, 2024 (panoramic picture of UAV, taken during maintenance). Xinhua News Agency reporter Ou Dongyu photo

　　Once the prototype was launched, it attracted the attention of the international astronomical community. The BINGO project in Brazil first proposed the willingness to cooperate in bulk purchase to the FAST Operation and Development Center.

　　As the largest and most sensitive single-aperture spherical radio telescope in the world, "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" has stimulated many special technical requirements, which requires China scientists to give full play to their subjective initiative and creativity, and to optimize and upgrade by constantly "challenging the cognitive and technical limits" and constantly "discovering and solving problems".

　　There is no shortcut to innovation, only dare to climb.

　　"No one told you what to do, and no one was sure that his own method would work." Jiang Peng, executive deputy director and chief engineer of FAST Operation and Development Center, said that the difficult research of "trial and error, failure and courage" runs through almost every link of FAST construction stage.

　　In order to solve the problem of cable fatigue, Jiang Peng led a group of young people through nearly 100 failures and successfully supported the "retina" of "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)".

The "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" feed cabin (photo of UAV, taken during maintenance) taken on February 26th, 2024. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ou Dongyu photo

　　In order to develop a new control system, Sun Jinghai, director of the Measurement and Control Engineering Department of FAST Operation and Development Center, burned the midnight oil to the east for countless times and almost rewritten all the core algorithm codes.

　　In order to solve the problem of electromagnetic interference in substations, Gan Hengqian, director of the Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department of FAST Operation and Development Center, invented &hellip, a high-voltage filter matching with Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), after nearly two years of exploration and testing. …

　　Only in the construction stage, "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" won important scientific and technological awards in more than ten fields, such as steel structure, automation industry, machinery industry, surveying and mapping geographic information technology, and electromagnetic compatibility research and development.

Panorama of "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" taken on February 26th, 2024 (photo of UAV, taken during maintenance). Xinhua News Agency reporter Ou Dongyu photo

　　"Eye of the Sky" asks the sky, and there is no end. Jiang Peng said frankly that if FAST is only regarded as a telescope and a monitoring device, it has reached the standard now. However, to maintain the leading position of FAST in the world, our innovation cannot stop, and we will do our best to make FAST more stable and efficient.

　　At present, the annual observation time of FAST is stable at about 5,300 hours, which plays an important supporting role in continuously outputting scientific research results.

　　Compete for the future

　　Explore the sky and decipher the stars. "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" has never stopped innovating.

　　"Astronomy is extremely romantic, because it studies the sea of stars of human beings. Astronomy is also extremely cruel, because international competition is extremely fierce, and once it is relaxed, it will lose its leading position. " Jiang Peng said.

　　Looking around the world, many radio telescope arrays, such as SKA, are under construction.

Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) measuring pier photographed by infrared camera on February 27th, 2024 (photographed during maintenance). Xinhua News Agency reporter Ou Dongyu photo

　　"Once these telescopes are put into operation, ‘ Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) ’ Will face enormous challenges. " Jiang Peng said, "If we relax a little, China astronomers may ‘ Lost ’ The forefront of the radio band field of vision. "

　　The reporter recently walked into the core area of "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" and saw on a hill less than 3 kilometers away from "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" that the excavator was working intensively, and the original jagged hill top with miscellaneous trees had been leveled and compacted.

　　"We plan to use the excellent electromagnetic wave environment within 5 kilometers around FAST in the next five years to build 20 to 30 fully movable radio telescopes with a diameter of 40 meters, and form a comprehensive aperture array with FAST, that is, the FAST core array." Jiang Peng told reporters that a 40-meter-class fully movable radio telescope will be built on the working hill within this year.

　　"By ‘ Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) ’ Observing the universe is like using ‘ Thick-headed pencil ’ If the core array is completed and put into use, it is equivalent to using high-resolution ‘ Digital camera ’ Shoot the distant stars. " Jiang Peng introduced that once the core array is completed, it will greatly improve the vision of "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" and let "‘ Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) ’ Not only can you see far, but you can also see clearly. "

Jiang Peng (left), executive deputy director and chief engineer of FAST Operation and Development Center, observed the equipment operation in the main control room (photo taken on March 20, 2024). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xushe

　　According to AARON Li, director of the Structural and Mechanical Engineering Department of FAST Operation and Development Center, FAST Core Array will expand the existing scientific research fields, especially play an important role in extreme temporary sources such as gravitational wave events, fast radio bursts, gamma ray bursts, supernovae and black hole tidal disintegration events.

　　In addition to astrophysical research, FAST core array is expected to play a huge role in the field of deep space exploration, such as near-earth object early warning, space micro-target detection, deep space satellite communication and control, ionospheric characteristics measurement, pulsar time reference, etc., which can play a very important strategic support role for the development of China’s aerospace field.

　　Jiang Peng said: "In order to keep China’s radio astronomy power internationally advanced, we will accelerate the climb from a new starting point and lead the team to explore new scientific frontiers."

　　Reporter: Zhao Xinbing, Ou Dongqu, Pan Dexin

　　Video reporter: Ou Dongqu, Yang Yanbin, Liu Qinbing and Chen Gan

　　Poster design: Sun Yao

　　Editor: Jindi, Ringo, Qi Wenjuan, Liu Yongzhen, Lin Fanjing, Hou Bangxing, Cheng Hao

　　Coordinator: Huang Xiaoxi and He Yuxin

　　【Pacific auto network tire channel】 This issue of Xiaobian will introduce you to sports tires. The biggest feature of sports tires is high performance and excellent handling performance. There are many sports tires on the market, and the more choices car owners face when changing tires, the more tangled they tend to be. The average car owner will buy according to several aspects: brand, price, original tires and friends’ introduction, etc. These are good methods, but the most important thing is that the car mainly knows the tires and knows what kind of tires to choose. Therefore, Xiaobian will introduce the mainstream representative sports tires on the market, so that everyone can understand them first and then make a choice.　　

　 　In order to facilitate your reading, please first understand the following parameters:

　　Hub diameterAlso called rim diameter, it refers to the size of the tire suitable for mounting on the hub.load index, refers to the maximum upper limit load of the tire.speed, refers to the maximum upper limit speed of the tire.figure, refers to the structure of tread grain, mainly including symmetry, asymmetry and single direction.abrasionindex, is the main measure of tire tread wear performance and service life of the logo, the higher the score, the more wear-resistant.Traction index, which is a measure of the adhesion between tires and the ground, is divided into four levels: AA, A, B and C, with AA being the highest.Heat generation index, is the ability of tire to resist heat generation, which is related to the high-speed performance of tire. It is divided into three levels: A, B and C, with A being the best. (Please click for more details.This > > >)

　　　 What is a sports tire? Sports Performance The tread groove of the tire is relatively wide and the tread blocks are relatively large, in order to have good drainage performance and strong grip on the ground, but this kind of tire has obvious shortcomings, such as loud noise and poor comfort. Sports tires and comfortable tires are two extremes. To pursue the sports performance of tires, we must give up the comfort performance, and vice versa. However, there are also some tires that can achieve comfortable and well-balanced movement, such as Pirelli’s P Zero Rosso and Goodyear Sanneng.

You can click the following link to jump directly to the tire brand information you want to know:

　●　Korean brand:High performance/handling/safety

The use price range of compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars with 16-19 inch wheels: 760-1600 yuan.

　 Korean sports tires are represented by Kumho Escta LE Sport KU39C and Han Tai Ventus S1 Evo K107, which are the representatives of these two brands. KU39C can keep the vehicle in excellent handling at high speed by dispersing the contact pressure. There are three large grooves in the center of the tread, which can improve the drainage ability of the tire, improve the handling safety and braking performance, and strengthen the safety of driving in rainy days when driving on wet roads.

　　　 Han Tai K107The interior is composed of high-density and high-strength steel wires and cords, and the tread also adopts the pattern design of 3D curve diversity. Moreover, through the latest computer simulation technology, the best dynamic grounding shape and stress state in various situations are obtained. Combined with the silicon-containing formula of HDS, HDBS can effectively shorten the braking distance of cars in sunny and rainy days, improve the driving stability, be more conducive to driving safety and save fuel.

　　　 In terms of wheel hub specifications, Kumho KU39C is 19 inches larger than Han Tai K107, and KU39C has only three dimensions of 16, 17 and 18 inches, while K107 has four dimensions of 16, 17, 18 and 19 inches. The range of K107 adaptive models is larger than that of KU39C, and its positioning is also higher than that of KU39C. However, the quotations on these two Taobao are not much different, or even the same. Both are Korean brands. How to choose them depends on consumers’ preferences.

●　Japanese brand: ultra-high performance/Handling/safety/comfort

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 14-20-inch wheels: 630-4400 yuan.

　　The representatives of Japanese sports tires are Deng Lupu DIRZZA DZ101 and Bridgestone POTENZA RE050. DIRZZA DZ101 is a sports tire in Deng Lupu, which contains a unique sports compound with Direzza pattern, and has strong grip and braking performance in dry and wet areas. DZ101 uses low noise pattern and mixed belt layer, which improves the quietness and comfort, and the wear resistance is also acceptable.

　　　 Bridgestone POTENZA RE050 is an ultra-high performance sports tire, which has ultra-high wet and dry road performance, and the outer tread is specially designed for dry road performance, ensuring the maximum grip and road adhesion. The inner pattern can improve the wet road performance to the greatest extent, and has good drainage effect, which can also provide excellent wet road performance and braking performance even at high speed. In addition, the design and layout of patterns suppress road noise and ensure comfortable driving. It is a tire with high ultimate performance and excellent handling performance.

　　　These two kinds of sports tire wheels have a wide range of adaptation, ranging from 15 to 20 inches, but there are still some differences. Deng Lupu DZ101 wheels have a range of adaptation from 15 to 19 inches, with a total of five specifications; Bridgestone RE050 has a range of 16-20 inches, with a total of 5 specifications. There is no 20-inch large size in Deng Lupu, while Bridgestone focuses on 16-20-inch large size, which is higher in positioning than DZ101 in Deng Lupu, and the price is quite different.

●　European and American brands:High performance/handling

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 16-22-inch wheels: 650-6600 yuan.

　　　 Representatives of sports tires in Europe and America include Goodyear Eagle F1 Directional 5, ContiSportContact 3, Pirelli P Zero and Michelin Pilot Sport 3. The tread of Goodyear Eagle F1 Directional 5 integrates three technologies: central annular rib, fully enclosed shoulder and polymer formula. The annular rib in the center of the tread improves the steering response ability; Shoulders on both sides are fully enclosed to reduce the noise generated by the tire during driving; The optimized tire carcass section increases the ground contact area, and finally improves the grip.

　　　　The most important feature of ContiSportContact 3 is its excellent steering accuracy. CSC 3 can maintain excellent road grip for vehicles when they are driving at high speed, undergoing fierce control or under great force on tires. Its asymmetric rib are used to absorb that longitudinal force generate during braking, and the tread ribs have high longitudinal hardness, while the continuous rib can absorb the longitudinal force, and when steering rapidly, the external forces generate high unilateral forces on the tread ribs.

　　　 Pirelli P zero is positioned as the original tire of the highest performance car and high horsepower model. itThree solid longitudinal rib patterns are adopted, and the hard pattern blocks on the shoulder can still have high lateral rigidity and steering response at high speed, which is better improved.racing carControl performance of. The three wide longitudinal grooves on the tread have the ability of rapid drainage and improve the safety and control ability of wetland driving.It adopts a new nano formula to give full play to the tire’s grip and stability to the best level.

　　　 Michelin Pilot Sport 3 is a high-performance and strong handling tire, which pays more attention to driving pleasure and handling performance. PS3 can make the vehicle achieve the effects of stable acceleration, high-speed cornering and shorter braking distance. As the silicon-containing formula is added to the tire, the shoulder is chamfered, which reduces the rolling resistance and saves fuel.

　　　 Ma brand CSC3 and Pirelli P Zero adapt to a wide range of wheels, the largest of which is 22 inches. However, the largest Goodyear D5 and Michelin PS3 are only 20 inches. Compared with the first two, the adaptation range is relatively small. Although the range of Michelin PS3 adaptive hub is only 15-19 inches, its positioning is higher than that of Goodyear D5, so the price is also higher. Ma brand CSC3 and Pirelli P Zero, as representatives of first-line brands, are up to 22 inches in size, so their prices are also very high, with the highest asking price of 6600 yuan.

If you want to know more about tires, please click on the related links below:

●　Korean brand:

1. Kumho:Ecsta LE Sport KU39C High Performance/Control

Suitable for compact cars and medium-sized cars with 16-18 inches wheels. Price range: 800-1600 yuan.

　　KU39C is a high-end sports tire positioned by Kumho, which can keep the vehicle in excellent handling at high speed by dispersing the contact pressure. The tread design of KU39C has three large centerline grooves, which can improve the drainage capacity, improve the handling safety and braking performance, and enhance the driving safety in rainy days.

　 　 The wear resistance index of KU39C is 280, and its wear resistance is average, but its traction index reaches the highest AA level, and its speed can reach the highest Y level (300km/h). KU39ChubThere are three sizes of 16, 17 and 18 inches, and now the main compact and medium-sized cars are suitable for this tire.

　 The mainstream specifications of KU39C market are as follows225/55 R16、235/45 R17and245/45 R18, the main adaptive models areAudi A4L、Volkswagen CCandRegalWait.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★☆☆☆

　 Recommended reason:KU39C is an ultra-high performance sports tire in Jinhu, and its handling performance is not bad. However, as a third-line brand, its brand awareness and performance are still far behind those of first-and second-line brands, but it is better than its lower price and higher cost performance.

2. Hankook Tire: Ventus S1 Evo K107 Control/Safety

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 16-19 inch wheels: 760-1600 yuan.

　　 Ventus S1, Han Tai　Evo　K107 is a tire with excellent handling performance and high safety performance. Its interior is composed of high-density and high-strength steel wires and cords, and the tread also adopts the pattern design with various 3D curves. Moreover, through the latest computer simulation technology, the best dynamic grounding shape and stress state in various situations are obtained. With the silicon-containing formula of HDS, it can effectively shorten the braking distance of the car in sunny and rainy days, improve the driving stability, be more conducive to driving safety and save fuel consumption to a certain extent.

　 　 There are four sizes of K107 wheels: 16, 17, 18 and 19 inches. Because K107 is a sports tire, most of the wheels with large sizes are imported, and most of them are made in China with small sizes. 19 inches is completely imported, 17 and 18 inches are imported, and only 16 inches is completely made in China.

　　　 The main specifications of K107 are as follows225/55 R16、225/45 R17and225/45 R18Adapted models are concentrated in medium and large high-end luxury cars, includingAudi A8、Audi TT、Bmw Z4andMercedes-benz e-classWait.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★★☆☆

　 Recommended reason:K107 is also the main sports tire in Han Tai, its sports performance is better than that of KU39C, and its price is almost the same as that of KU39C, and the small size is cheaper than it. The price will not be too high, which is acceptable to many consumers.

●　Japanese brands:

1.Deng Lupu DIRZADZ101 Control/Safety

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 15-19-inch wheels: 630-1980 yuan.

　　DIRZZA DZ101, known as a street fighter, is a high-performance sports tire in Deng Lupu. It is a tire with single guide pattern. It contains the unique sports composition of Direzza pattern, and has strong dry and wet grip. This composite is an organic combination of "highly filled carbon black particles" and "silicon oxide", which effectively expands the ground contact area and is easier to generate heat, thus improving the grip. They can make the tire have excellent grip and braking performance even at low temperature.

　　DZ101 uses low noise patterns and mixed belts to improve the quietness and comfort. The widened main longitudinal grain and the lengthened diagonal branch grain not only reduce the eccentric wear, but also play an excellent drainage performance. Direzza’s pattern effectively makes the wear distribution of the table top uniform and reduces the eccentric wear, whether in normal driving state or in sports driving state. Through the simulated skid experiment, it is verified that the design of the main groove and the secondary groove of DZ101 completely subverts the wet performance that people have difficulty in owning sports tires in the past.

　　　　The DZ101 wheel hub has five specifications of 15-19 inches, and the adapted models already include mainstream models, and the smallest 15 inches can be adapted to smaller modified models. It’s just that it has a tire width of 15-17 inches and gives people too few choices.

　　　　 DZ101 mainstream specifications in the market are as follows225/45 R17、225/40 R18and245/35 R19, adapt to the models are mainlyCIVIC、BMW 3 Series、RegalandCamryWait.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★★★☆

　 Recommended reason:Deng Lupu DZ101 has excellent sports performance. It can be seen from its pattern that its sports performance is not simple. The price of this tire is not expensive, but it is only a few hundred more than the previous two models. The range of wheel hub adaptation is large, and the owners have more choices.

2. Bridgestone POTENZA RE050 ultra-high performance/control

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 16-20-inch wheels: 1080-4450 yuan.

　　POTENZA RE050 is a Bridgestone ultra-high performance sports tire, which has ultra-high wet and dry road performance, and the outer tread is specially designed for dry road performance, which ensures the maximum grip and road adhesion, and strongly supports the fast start and high-speed performance. The inner pattern can improve the wet road performance to the greatest extent, and has good drainage effect, which can also provide excellent wet road performance and braking performance even at high speed. In addition, the design and layout of patterns suppress road noise and ensure comfortable driving.

　　RE050, the flagship product of Bridgestone Poztenza series, has excellent extreme performance and high-level handling performance, which has created high-quality tires.

　 　 RE050 has five specifications of 16-20 inches, and there are many choices of tire width and flat ratio to meet the needs of different vehicle wheels. Due to the high-end positioning of RE050, the larger the wheel hub size, the larger its tire width, the smaller the flatness ratio and the more expensive it is.

　　 RE050 mainstream specifications are as follows225/50 R17、255/50 R18and285/35 R19, adapt to the models are mainlyBMW 3 Series、Bmw 5 series、Audi A8L、Mercedes C63andFerrari F430Wait.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★★★★

　 Recommended reason:Bridgestone Potenza RE050 is a tire with excellent handling performance, excellent linearity and strong grip. Although the price of RE050 is on the high side, it is well controlled, and the noise level is well controlled in the sports tires, which is both expensive and reasonable. Xiaobian strongly recommends it.

●　European and American brands:

1. Goodyear: Eagle F1 Directional 5 High Performance/Sport

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 16-20-inch wheels: 800-2060 yuan.

　　　　Goodyear Eagle F1 Directional 5 is a tire with single tread pattern. The tread integrates three technologies: central annular rib, fully enclosed shoulder and polymer formula. This is Goodyear’s SportGrip technology. The central annular rib improves the steering response ability; Shoulders on both sides are fully enclosed to reduce the noise generated by the tire during driving; The optimized tire carcass section increases the ground contact area, and finally improves the grip. This design not only improves the grip, but also reduces the noise, killing two birds with one stone.

　　According to the test, D5′ s lateral grip is stronger than D3′ s, and its handling response is better when changing lines, and there will be no tire ringing or slipping for a long time when hitting the direction at a fast and large angle. This is mainly due to the design of the four main drainage grooves of the tread (to improve the drainage capacity) and the central annular rib (to improve the response ability of line change).

　　　　 D5′ s wear index is 300, which is not too high or too low. For an active high-performance sports tire, it’s ok. One thing we should pay attention to, D5 is a tire with a single guide pattern. What does this mean? When installing, it is necessary to clearly distinguish the direction from the inside and outside, and it is also very troublesome to choose the spare tire. It can only be installed on one side, and another time, we must find another way. Its wheels have five specifications of 16-20 inches, which are mainly suitable for compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars.

　　　　 D5 mainstream specifications are as follows235/45 R17、255/55 R18and275/45 R20, the adaptive models areMercedes-benz e-class、Regal GS、Audi A8LandChevrolet CamaroWait a minute.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★★★☆

　 Recommended reason:Although the handling performance of Goodyear D5 is not as good as that of F1 asymmetric 2nd generation, its handling performance is good. Mainly because its price is not too high, car owners who are not particularly demanding on handling can choose it.

2. Horse brand: ContiSportContaCt 3 ultra-high performance/control

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 16-22 inches (except 21 inches) wheels: 739-5140 yuan.

　　ContiSportContact 3 is a horse brand tire specially assembled for high-performance sports cars. Its most important feature is excellent steering accuracy. CSC3 can maintain excellent road grip for vehicles when they are driving at high speed, maneuvering sharply or the tires are under great force. How is its grip performance achieved?

　　In fact, the asymmetric tread ribs of CSC3 are used to absorb the longitudinal force generated during braking. The tread ribs have high longitudinal hardness, and the continuous tread ribs can absorb the longitudinal force. When steering rapidly, the external force on the tread ribs is high. Asymmetric tread rib design can stabilize ribs and reduce deformation under these forces, and the steering accuracy is higher.

　　Except on dry roads, it provides excellent braking performance and steering accuracy and shortens braking distance. On the wet road surface, the unique groove improves the drainage performance and provides excellent anti-skid performance.

　　　　 The specifications of CSC3 wheel hub are 16-22 inches (except 21 inches), and the models are compact, medium and large, and luxury cars, while the 22-inch wheel hub is suitable for more modified cars. Its wear index is 280, and its wear resistance is average, but its traction index reaches the highest AA level, and its handling performance is very strong.

　　　 The specifications of CSC3 mainstream are as follows245/45 R17、245/40 R18and255/45 ZR19And so on, the adaptive models areMercedes-benz e-class、S80LandPanameraWait.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★★★☆

　 Recommended reason:CSC3 is the main sports tire of Mapai. It can exert excellent handling performance, and its wide pattern blocks can tell that the sports performance is high. It’s just that the wear resistance of this kind of tire is average, and as a first-line tire brand, Ma brand has a relatively high price.

3.Pirelli:P zero ultra-high performance/handling/comfort

Suitable for medium-sized and large-sized cars with 17-22-inch wheels. Price: 1280-6600 yuan.

　　P zero is a milestone of Pirelli products, and it is positioned as the original tire of the highest performance car and high horsepower model. it is458andLamborghini AventadorWaiting for the original tires of the super sports car. P zero adopts three solid longitudinal rib patterns, and the hard pattern blocks on the shoulder can still have high lateral rigidity and steering response at high speed, which is better improved.racing carControl performance of. The three wide longitudinal grooves on the tread have the ability of rapid drainage and improve the safety and control ability of wetland driving.

　　P zero adopts asymmetric tread pattern, which can effectively improve braking and handling performance. At the same time, it uses a new nano-formula to give full play to the tire’s grip and stability to the best level. Its tread contact with the ground is as uniform as the new P7, and its durability is good. Although P zero is an ultra-high performance sports tire, the "S-shaped" groove on the tread can help reduce tire noise, and this design helps to improve driving comfort.

　 　 　There are six sizes of P zero wheels, including 17-22, 21-inch and 22-inch, and its tire width is wide, which is suitable for more super sports car wheels. Its wear index is 220, and its wear resistance is average.

　　　 P zero mainstream specifications are255/35 R19、255/45 R19and295/35 R20, the main adaptation models areAudi A5、Audi A6、Mercedes GLKandFerrari458Wait.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★★★★

　 Recommended reason:P Zero’s sports performance is recognized as good, and everyone is basically not picky about it, except for its high price. Just a sports car that deserves this kind of tire, the owner will not be there.Meaning that little money.

4.Michelin: Pilot Sport 3 high performance/strong handling/more fuel-efficient.

Compact, medium-sized and medium-sized cars suitable for 15-19-inch wheels: 650-3000 yuan.

　　Pilot Sport 3(PS3) is a Michelin tire with high performance and strong handling, which pays more attention to driving pleasure and handling performance. PS3 can make the vehicle achieve the effects of stable acceleration, high-speed cornering and shorter braking distance. Because the silicon-containing formula is added to the tire and the shoulder is chamfered, the rolling resistance is reduced, and PS3 is more fuel-efficient than PP2.

　 　 The wheel hub specifications of PS3 are biased towards mid-to high-end sports performance models, and the mainstream specifications are 245/45 ZR18. Here, we will explain the meaning of "ZR". In the first issue, we have explained that "Z" stands for high-speed tires. Suitable models for fitting this tire areRegal、Audi A6L、Ferrari 348TSWait. If you really like sports and your car’s wheels have the right specifications, you can consider changing into a PS3.

　 Editorial recommendation index：★★★★☆

　 Recommended reason:PS3 is not Michelin’s best sports tire, but its price and specifications are mainstream, and it is more accepted by the public than Ploit Supre Sport, but its performance is far from P Zero. However, the price of the PS3 is not high, and many car owners accept it.

　Related links:

Original Han Xiaoni’s guide to Shanghai residents’ life is included in the topic # Time-honored brand 1# Fresh meat moon cake 1.

The "moon cake season" is here again. The surging fresh meat moon cake industry in Shanghai is launching a new round of queuing time competition.

In fact, behind the uproar, Shanghai’s time-honored brands have many "secrets" about fresh meat moon cakes.

Where to start with too much material? Why don’t we start with the story of "Rashomon" between Guangming Village, Changchun and Harbin, the "Big Three" on Huaihai Road?

one

A long queue of fresh meat moon cakes in Guangming Village

Aunt, uncle and uncle came prepared.

I brought all the benches.

The Guangming Village on Huaihai Road is still in the same style this year, and the long queue to buy fresh moon cakes these days has been lined up to "Popeyes".

In fact, as early as late August, more than a month before the Mid-Autumn Festival, we found that this team "re-emerged".

A pot of 65 moon cakes and five boilers started in unison. In the afternoon of the working day, the long queue to buy moon cakes still blocked the alley next door.

An uncle in a white Polo shirt and a briefcase with one shoulder just squeezed out of the crowd and carried four boxes of fresh meat moon cakes in his hand.

"Allah’s age is more meticulous (careful), and I came to make a sample yesterday. I have to wait for an hour and a half in the morning, and the salesperson said that there will be fewer people in the next half day (afternoon). "

"I came over today to see that the team was quite long, and I bought it in less than 10 minutes."

"In fact, it is the most cost-effective to buy now, and you don’t suffer from queuing." My uncle is happy to share his "wrong peak" buying experience.

As early as late August,

Many customers came.

Cuofeng bought moon cakes.

"My name is lu, lu wan district. I am old Luwan, and buying this (moon cake) is nostalgic. " He said.

It turns out that the 73-year-old Lao Lu was born in Le ‘anfang opposite Guangming Village.

He came here to buy four boxes of moon cakes because there are four brothers and sisters, and he is going to send a box to the family.

Fresh meat moon cakes on Shanghai beach can be roughly divided into boiler pie and oven pie.

Lao Luting boiler pie. He said: "Now most of them are baked in the oven, and the baked grains are round, like steamed bread. Biting down is all flour, and it is stiff, indicating that the pastry is not done well. "

The fresh meat moon cakes in Guangming Village are baked in the boiler. "Its skin is crispy, and when you hold it in your hand, it looks like snowflakes layer by layer."

Fresh meat moon cake in Guangming Village

Belong to the "boiler school"

Both sides of the moon cake are flat.

I have bought it for many years, and Lao Lu even knows the "inheritance" of his mooncake skills clearly.

"It turned out that an old master was doing it himself in the first generation, and it was always good to eat the minced meat."

"We belong to the mouth is a knot in one’s heart. After the old master retired two years ago, we found that there was sugar in the stuffing, which was not delicious. Fortunately, it was changed back immediately after one year. "

"Now are two aunts in the roast. However, I think the master’s’ True Sutra’ has basically been handed down. "

Auntie used a pan.

On-site baking of fresh meat moon cakes

Has been "true" by the master.

two

In Shanghai’s "Fresh Meat Moon Cake List" commented by the public, Guangming Village currently tops the list and stands at the top of the contempt chain.

However, in the middle section of Huaihai Road (), which is characterized by cakes and cooked food and has successfully developed a "earthy taste", other time-honored brands are not "vegetarian".

Bright Village is not the only one selling fresh meat moon cakes.

Taikang, which has set up a baking counter for local products all over the country, and Laodafang in the South District, which has just opened its store, are "away from home", but the price is set at "proud", and one fresh meat moon cake is sold in 6 yuan.

Changchun Food Store and Laodachang are "old lands", and the price of fresh meat moon cakes is the same as that of Guangming Village, so they sell one from 5 yuan.

Laodachang is also a "boiler pie", and there is a pan in the shop that is now for sale.

Lao da Chang de fresh meat moon cake

Do it now and sell it now

There are many people who like it.

Although the popularity is not as good as that of Guangming Village, there are people queuing in twos and threes from time to time at the counters shared by Liuxin Egg-yolk Crisp, Barbecued Crisp and Coconut Roll.

In contrast, Changchun treats fresh meat moon cakes more seriously and has set up a special counter.

Its fresh meat moon cakes are usually "oven pie", but near the Mid-Autumn Festival, the variety of traditional boiler baking has recently been added.

Changchun food store

Specially set up a fresh meat moon cake counter.

The poster emphasizes the use of Eisen meat.

Speaking of fresh meat moon cakes, Changchun sighed.

The so-called "thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi", once upon a time, fresh meat moon cakes in Changchun were the "king of popularity" in this street.

"Allah was originally artificial, baked with a pan of charcoal fire, and began to do it in 1997." Insiders in Changchun said, "There are about ten years in Guang Chen, and Allah has done a good job."

Changchun is now all year round.

Fresh meat moon cakes baked in an oven

Add "Boiler Edition" before Mid-Autumn Festival.

In this regard, insiders of Guangming Village also admit that fresh meat moon cakes in Changchun sold better than them at first.

As for how to catch up with it later, insiders in Guangming Village say:

"One year after the renovation (referring to Changchun), Allah began to overtake. In fact, we were ready before this, and the quality was quite tight. So I rushed out once I had the chance. "

In this regard, Changchun is noncommittal, just saying: "We are ancestors of fresh meat moon cakes." He also revealed that Guangming Village had learned from them in his early years.

three

I heard that the fresh meat moon cakes in Changchun are "ancestors", and Harbin Food Factory laughed.

An old mage who worked in Harbin Food Factory for many years told us: "We first taught Changchun fresh meat moon cakes."

The origin is this:

Harbin and Changchun belong to Shanghai Tobacco Group.

"Changchun was originally just a retail store. They want to diversify and be a’ front shop and back factory’-the workshop upstairs produces moon cakes and then sells them in the shop downstairs. "

Therefore, as a brother unit of the same group, Harbin is duty-bound to teach the skills of making moon cakes.

In Harbin, which started with Russian West Point, fresh meat moon cakes are actually well-founded. Because a few years ago, Gao Qiao Food Factory was merged into Harbin.

Back then, Gao Qiao Food Factory’s fresh meat moon cake was also a famous brand on Huaihai Road.

In 1983, it was reported in Wen Wei Po that Gao Qiao Food Factory on Huaihai Road insisted on supplying fresh meat, moon cakes and other special varieties, which were well received by consumers.

In Wen Wei Po in 1983.

On the products such as fresh meat and moon cakes in Gao Qiao Food Factory

Sent a photo news (right)

There is even a saying that the predecessor of fresh meat moon cakes is Gao Qiao muffins.

Gao Qiao muffin is one of the four famous spots in the ancient town of Gao Qiao, which has a history of one hundred years. Among them, Gao Qiao muffins with fresh meat stuffing are crispy and juicy, which is said to have gradually evolved into fresh meat moon cakes.

Now that Changchun and Guangming Village are leading the way, the old master of Harbin admits: "The apprentice defeated the master."

In this regard, Harbin is also calm: "Their meat stuffing is wrapped on the spot and baked very fresh. Unlike our meat stuffing, it was delivered after being frozen in the factory on Quxi Road. "

"So we thought about it, and our focus is not on fresh meat moon cakes."

The "Big Three" on Huaihai Road have their own opinions about fresh meat moon cakes, which have been interpreted as a "Rashomon" story.

four

Looking at the whole country, Shanghai may be the city that loves fresh meat moon cakes most. Hungry take-away data show that last year, Shanghainese ate 53% of the country’s fresh moon cakes.

When did Shanghainese begin to like fresh meat moon cakes? It is probably impossible to test the age.

However, we can see from the database that as early as 1928, an advertisement for old Yuchang fresh meat moon cakes on Aiduoya Road (now Yan ‘an East Road) was published in Shenbao.

This advertisement in Shenbao, a bus stop at Sinan Road, Huaihai Middle Road, said

Lao Yu Chang de Xiao zhi fresh meat moon cake

"Choose the best ingredients, so it’s delicious."

Regarding the origin of fresh meat moon cakes, the version introduced by the real boss room is that in the past, there was a kind of fresh meat dumplings that was very popular in Soviet-style tea.

Its outer skin is brown and crispy, the middle layer is delicate and crisp, and the inner layer is fresh and firm meat stuffing.

Later, a master "opened his brain wide" and changed the shape and size of fresh meat dumplings, which became fresh meat moon cakes.

Zhen Lao da Fang de fresh meat moon cake

Belong to "oven pie"

There are also many fans.

On September 14th, 1980, Liberation Daily reported that there were 147 units producing moon cakes in Shanghai catering industry that year, among which 127 households produced fresh meat moon cakes.

In Liberation Daily in 1980.

Report on Mid-Autumn Moon Cake

Two years later, Wen Wei Po reported that on the eve of Mid-Autumn Festival, nearly 200 restaurants in this city served fresh meat moon cakes. In order to meet the needs of consumers, the supply of fresh meat moon cakes this year increased by about 50% compared with the previous year.

The supply of stores and output both increased because "fresh moon cakes are crispy in skin, big in stuffing, fresh and bittern in meat, salty and sweet, and have a unique flavor. Generally, they are sold now, baked while cooking, and full of fragrance, which is very popular among consumers."

In 1989, Liberation Daily continued to report that "the sales of sweet moon cakes dropped sharply, but the sales of fresh moon cakes soared."

"Salty moon cakes are the most popular ones, so there are more than 70 shops selling fresh meat moon cakes on the streets of Shanghai this year, and even some fresh meat moon cakes made by big cake stalls are queued, which is in short supply."

In Liberation Daily in 1989

Report on Mid-Autumn Moon Cake

According to the report, fresh meat moon cakes are favored because the tastes of Shanghainese are changing.

"A customer who queued up in front of Yuelaifang Food Store in Putuo District told the reporter: Nowadays, moon cakes are like sugar cakes, which are too sweet and expensive. They are not as good as cheap and good meat moon cakes, which are fresh and fragrant."

By the way, Yue Laifang, who lives in the west of Shanghai, also has a name in the "History of Fresh Meat Mooncakes in Shanghai". Many people believe that fresh meat moon cakes were first sold by Yue Laifang.

It can be seen that over the years, Shanghai people’s preference for fresh meat moon cakes has been increasing day by day and has never been reduced.

five

If we say that the "love and hate" between Guangming Village, Changchun and Harbin on Huaihai Road around fresh meat moon cakes is a story of nearly twenty years.

Then, on Nanjing Road, another famous commercial street in Shanghai, the real old house has been famous for a long time.

Before the Mid-Autumn Festival in 2003

The queue of the real boss’s room is grand

/Shao Jianping photo

As early as 1982, it was reported in the newspaper that the fresh meat moon cakes in the real boss’s room won the first prize in the quality appraisal of moon cakes by catering companies in the city.

In 1986, Xinmin Evening News reported, "The fresh meat moon cakes produced by this store pay attention to the strict control of specifications and quality, and the minced meat is all lean-legged meat. Since its listing, the daily sales volume has reached about 3,000 kilograms. "

In Xinmin Evening News in 1986

A report on the real boss’s house

In 2005, the Jiang Shen Service Herald wrote: "Every year’s’ moon cake season’, there will be amazing all-weather’ long queues’ here, sometimes even winding more than 100 meters!"

However, on Nanjing Road, the real boss has a close competitor-Taikang.

▼

Public comment

Netizens like the mooncakes of the two families.

Compare them.

In 2011, "Morning News" took stock of the "queuing index" of the time-honored fresh meat moon cakes in Shanghai. The two companies are comparable, and the queue time is about 6 hours.

A report in the Morning News in 2011

Inspected the time-honored brands.

"queuing index" of fresh meat moon cakes

What I want to tell the people who eat melons quietly here is that these two food stores with their own fans are actually "a family"-both belong to Taikang Food Co., Ltd.

Some people go to Huaihai Road and Nanjing Road to queue up to buy moon cakes every year, but in the eyes of citizens in the western district, the fresh meat moon cakes in the old house in the western district are the best ones.

The story of the real boss’s house and the old boss’s house in the west end of the country, which was taught by the same family in the early years, has been "eight" before, so we can’t press it here.

The fresh meat moon cakes of these two companies have always been equally famous, ranking almost the same.

We went through the newspaper pile again, and in 1982 and 1986, when the real boss room was reported, the boss room in the west side was also reported.

"At the entrance of Jing ‘an Temple’s’ Western District Old House’, customers often queue up to buy fresh meat moon cakes. An old uncle praised:’ the fresh meat moon cakes here are delicious and keep on selling all year round.’ ….. Near the Mid-Autumn Festival, the business of "the old house in the west side" is better. On September 7th, more than 14,700 fresh meat moon cakes were sold. "

-Xinmin Evening News, September 08, 1982, "The fragrance of cakes is accompanied by the fragrance of osmanthus"

Just like the real boss’s room.

The old house in the west side is also often there.

Appeared in reports about fresh meat moon cakes.

"The special fresh meat moon cakes produced by the old house in the west area of Jing ‘an Temple this year are among the best in the evaluation of the city tobacco and sugar company."

-Xinmin Evening News, September 12, 1986, "Fresh meat moon cakes here are welcomed by customers"

They all say "orange in the south and orange in the north". Last year, our old friend, folk photographer Shou Yousen, saw in Jing ‘an Temple that the fresh meat moon cakes in the old house in the West District were treated in line as usual.

Taikang, who had a long queue on Nanjing Road, opened the counter next to the old house in the west, but it was deserted. .

Seeing Taikang, which is very popular on Nanjing Road.

It’s cold next door to the old house in the west side

Shouyousen sent a circle of friends.

It seems that Shanghainese eat fresh meat moon cakes, which are not only delicious, but also famous and lively.

References:

1. Qiu Wenhan, "Long queues on Nanjing Road only taste Mid-Autumn Festival", Jiefang Daily, September 11, 2019.

2. Tang Ye, Huang Yongdi and Huang Jianjian, "Where are the earliest fresh meat moon cakes? Only Shanghai gourmets know, Jiefang Daily Shangguan News, August 27, 2017.

3. Xu Yanfei, "Shanghainese ate 53% of the fresh moon cakes in China", Morning News, September 13, 2019.

4. Gu Zheng, "For this dough of 4 yuan, some people stand with a backache, and some people are busy until 2 o’clock in the middle of the night", WeChat WeChat official account "Guide to Shanghai Residents’ Life", August 26, 2018.

5. Ji Ming, "Mid-Autumn moon cakes enter the peak of production and sales", Jiefang Daily, September 14, 1980.

6. Ji Ming, "Fresh moon cakes are full of fragrance", Wen Wei Po, September 24, 1982.

7. Sun Weixing, Shi Peining, "The Fragrant Cake Accompanies the Fragrant Osmanthus fragrans", Xinmin Evening News, September 08, 1982.

8. Xu Jingyuan, "The quality of moon cakes in a century-old shop is strictly controlled", Xinmin Evening News, September 3, 1986.

9. Zhou Minglu, "Fresh moon cakes here are popular with customers", Xinmin Evening News, September 12, 1986.

10. Yu Kanghua, "Weak sales in the moon cake market", Jiefang Daily, September 14, 1989.

11. Chen Xiaojun and Chen Haiyan, "Taking stock of" Lailaifeng "food" These shops are always waiting in line! Jiang Shen Service Herald, December 07, 2005.

12. Xu Yun, Mao Yi and Chen Shuyi, "8.5 hours! The queue record of fresh meat moon cakes will be refreshed again, Morning News, September 10, 2011.

－ END －

For more stories about Shanghai, click on the picture below.

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Writing manuscript: Han Xiaoni/Taking photos: Han Xiaoni/

Draw a picture: Erhei/Compile a manuscript: Han Xiaoni/

Write a brush: Chen Dongni/Make a picture: Erhei/

Namwin: Chen is not funny/

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Original title: "Secret History of Fresh Meat Mooncakes in Shanghai Beach"

Read the original text

　　Cctv newsIn Lincang, Yunnan Province, deep in the boundless mountains, there is a 10,000-meter-long tunnel under construction at the construction site of the China-Myanmar International Passage, named "Hongdoushan Tunnel". Because of the special geological conditions, there are 8 kinds of toxic gases in the tunnel, accompanied by high temperature of 40 degrees, water inrush and mud outburst.

　　This is the boundless mountain, which stretches for hundreds of miles, majestic and steep, and the only China-Myanmar international corridor leading to Myanmar is under construction in China, which passes through here. Among them, the control project, Hongdoushan Tunnel, is located in the hinterland of the boundless mountains, adjacent to the Lancang River, with a maximum buried depth of 1020 meters. But no one expected that the mysterious and beautiful boundless mountains are rich in eight kinds of toxic and harmful gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, due to extremely special geological conditions. The first echelon workers in charge of tunnel excavation must wear gas masks during construction.

　　The toxic gas in the tunnel seems to be trapped in balloons and hidden in the rocks of the boundless mountains. Once these toxic balloons are punctured during construction, the toxic gas will explode. In 2017, the construction team that just entered the site for one year, due to insufficient research and treatment experience of toxic gases in the tunnel, led to a gas outburst accident in Hongdoushan Tunnel. Subsequently, two-thirds of employees applied for evacuation from the construction site, and the project was once at a standstill.

　　Just then, Zhao Yu, who has 20 years of experience in tunnel construction, was ordered to come here.

Zhao Yu, manager of Dalin Railway Project Department of China Railway 10th Bureau.

　　Zhao Yu, manager of Dalin Railway Project Department of China Railway 10th Bureau.Everyone has no retreat, so we leaders, from myself, have no retreat and must stand in the front line.

　　Zhao Yu and Quan Fei, who was demoted to deputy chief engineer because of the sudden explosion accident, gathered the employees in the project team who had not been evacuated and formed a new team. Everyone should go against the trend.

　　A tunnel contains many mysterious poisonous gases. This kind of difficulty, which is rare in the world, is a rare opportunity in the eyes of the brave. The new team invited experts from various fields to conduct in-depth investigation, and must thoroughly understand the poisonous gas in Hongdoushan Tunnel.

　　After investigation by experts, the extremely dangerous area of toxic and harmful gases in Hongdoushan Tunnel reached 5764 meters, accounting for more than half of the total length of the tunnel. Everyone agrees that the rare geological environment conditions and the complex and changeable gas composition of Hongdoushan Tunnel have exceeded the cognitive level of current geological exploration technology, and its prevention measures are still in the stage of research and exploration.

　　This conclusion of the expert group means that the construction party cannot get more help from the past experience and technology.

　　Every step is exploration, but once the road is explored, it is the way to get rid of the predicament.

　　After the tunnel air is thoroughly disinfected and ventilated, the second echelon personnel can take off their gas masks and enter the construction site. Eight kinds of toxic gas dilemmas in Hongdoushan Tunnel have finally been broken through in actual combat.

　　On August 17th, last year, there was another danger of water gushing in the No.2 inclined shaft of the tunnel. Although the construction can be continued after 37 days of pumping and drainage, now, the constantly gushing water will still flood some construction areas, and the workers need to stand waist-deep in the water all the time.

　　Eight kinds of poisonous gas, high temperature and sudden mud gushing are not only the first time in the history of tunnel construction in China, but also rare in the world. The team of Hongdoushan Tunnel has constantly solved various rare problems in the construction, but it has also accumulated very valuable experience and technology for tunnel construction in China.

　　In June this year, the first batch of patents and academic papers based on the construction of Hongdoushan Tunnel will be published soon. By the end of this year, the scientific research results involving six patents will also be fully launched.

　　At present, the construction of Hongdoushan Tunnel has exceeded 3,000 meters, and the key project of China-Myanmar International Corridor — — The construction of Dalin Railway is also progressing steadily. After it is completed and opened to traffic in 2021, it will play a positive role in improving the railway network in western China and highlighting the interconnection of infrastructure between Yunnan and neighboring countries.

atmospheric pollution

What is it?

Air pollution is a phenomenon that some substances enter the atmosphere due to human activities or natural processes, showing sufficient concentration for enough time, and thus endangering human comfort, health and welfare or the environment.

Air pollutants enter the atmosphere (input) from man-made or natural sources, participate in the circulation process of the atmosphere, and are removed (output) from the atmosphere through chemical reactions, biological activities and physical sedimentation after a certain retention time. If the output rate is less than the input rate, it will be relatively concentrated in the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in the concentration of a substance in the atmosphere. When the concentration rises to a certain extent, it will directly or indirectly cause acute and chronic harm to people, organisms or materials, and the atmosphere will be polluted.

1. Sources of air pollutants

(1) Natural sources of air pollution

Volcanic eruption: H2S, CO2, CO, HF, SO2 and volcanic ash are emitted.

Forest fire: CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, HC, etc. are emitted.

Natural dust: wind sand, soil dust, etc.

Forest plant release: mainly terpene hydrocarbons.

Wave droplet particles: mainly sulfate and sulfite.

In some cases, natural sources are more important than man-made sources. According to relevant statistics, 93% of global nitrogen emissions and 60% of sulfur oxide emissions come from natural sources.

(2) Man-made pollution sources

The atmospheric pollution source usually refers to the source of pollutants transported to the atmosphere by human activities. Man-made pollution sources of the atmosphere can be summarized as the following four aspects:

Fuel combustion: the combustion process of fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, etc.) is an important source of pollutants to the atmosphere. The main component of coal is carbon, and it contains hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and metal compounds. In addition to a large amount of smoke and dust, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, smoke and dust and other substances are also formed during the combustion process.

Emissions from industrial production processes: such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted by petrochemical enterprises; Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust containing heavy metal elements discharged by nonferrous metal smelting industry; Fluoride emitted by phosphate fertilizer plants; Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride and various acidic gases discharged from acid-base salinization industry; The iron and steel industry discharges dust, sulfur oxides, cyanide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, benzene and hydrocarbons in the process of ironmaking, steelmaking and coking. The composition of pollutants is closely related to the nature of industrial enterprises.

Emissions during transportation: The tail gas emitted by automobiles, ships and airplanes is the main source of air pollution. The exhaust gas emitted by internal combustion engine contains carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing organic compounds, sulfur oxides and lead compounds.

Emissions from agricultural activities: when pesticides are applied in the field, some pesticides will escape into the atmosphere in the form of dust and other particles, and those remaining on crops or adhering to the surface of crops can still volatilize into the atmosphere. Pesticides entering the atmosphere can be absorbed by suspended particles and transported to various places with the airflow, causing atmospheric pesticide pollution. In addition, there are straw burning.

China has enacted "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law" and formulated national and regional "waste gas emission standards" to reduce air pollution and protect people’s health.

2. Harm of air pollution

(1) Harm to human body

The harm of air pollutants to human body is various, mainly manifested in respiratory diseases and physiological dysfunction, as well as the irritation of mucous membranes such as eyes and nose, which is a chronic factor causing asthma in the elderly. Insufficient lung qi leads to physical decline.

The influence of air pollution on human body is firstly uncomfortable, then there is a reversible reaction in physiology, and then there are acute harmful symptoms. The harm of air pollution to people can be roughly divided into three types: acute poisoning, chronic poisoning and carcinogenesis.

1. Acute poisoning

When the concentration of pollutants in the air is low, it usually does not cause acute poisoning, but under some special conditions, such as special accidents in the production process of factories, a large number of harmful gases leaking out, and sudden changes in external meteorological conditions, it will cause acute poisoning of people. For example, methyl isocyanate leaked from Pabor pesticide plant in India directly harmed human body, with 2,500 people killed and more than 100,000 injured.

2. Chronic poisoning

The chronic toxic effect of air pollution on human health is mainly manifested in the phenomenon that the prevalence rate increases after pollutants are exposed to human body in low concentration for a long time. The incidence of lung cancer among urban residents in China is very high, the highest of which is in Shanghai, and the respiratory diseases of urban residents are significantly higher than those in suburbs.

3. Carcinogenesis

This is the result of long-term influence, because pollutants act on the body for a long time, damaging the genetic material in the body and causing mutation. If the germ cells mutate, all kinds of abnormalities will appear in the offspring, which is called teratogenicity. If the genetic material and genetic information of organism cells suddenly change, it is also called mutagenicity; If the tumor is induced, it is called carcinogenesis. The "cancer" referred to here includes benign tumors and malignant tumors. Carcinogens in the environment can be divided into chemical carcinogens, physical carcinogens and biological carcinogens. The process of carcinogenesis is quite complicated, generally including initiation stage and growth promotion stage. Factors that can induce tumors are collectively referred to as carcinogenic factors. Tumors caused by long-term exposure to carcinogenic factors in the environment are called environmental tumors. Air pollution will reduce people’s life span.

(2) Harm to plants

Air pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and fluoride, are very harmful to plants. When the concentration of pollutants is very high, it will cause acute harm to plants, causing damage to the surface of plant leaves, or directly causing leaves to wither and fall off; When the concentration of pollutants is not high, it will cause chronic harm to plants, make the leaves of plants fade green, or there are no harmful symptoms on the surface, but the physiological functions of plants have been affected, resulting in the decline of plant yield and deterioration of quality.

(3) Harm to the climate

Air pollutants can also affect weather and climate. Particulate matter reduces atmospheric visibility and reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground. Especially in large industrial cities, the sunlight is 40% less than normal when the smoke is not scattered. The pollutants in the upper atmosphere, such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons, decompose ozone in large quantities, causing the "ozone hole" problem, which has become the focus of global attention.

The increase of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide will lead to the warming of the earth’s atmosphere and the increase of global weather disasters. Another example is the increase of aerosol particles such as smoke and dust, which will increase atmospheric turbidity, weaken solar radiation and affect the long-wave radiation of the earth, which may lead to abnormal weather and climate.

(1) Reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground: A large number of smoke particles discharged into the atmosphere from factories, power stations, automobiles and household heating equipment make the air very turbid, which blocks the sunlight and reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground. According to observation and statistics, in the days when the smoke is not scattered in large industrial cities, the amount of direct sunlight hitting the ground is reduced by nearly 40% compared with the days without smoke. In cities with serious air pollution, it will lead to poor growth and development of people, animals and plants due to lack of sunlight every day.

② Increasing atmospheric precipitation: many of the particles discharged from large industrial cities have the function of condensation nuclei of water vapor. Therefore, when there are other precipitation conditions in the atmosphere, there will be precipitation weather. In the downwind areas of big industrial cities, there is more precipitation.

③ Acid rain: Sometimes, the rain falling from the sky contains sulfuric acid. This kind of acid rain is formed by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, a pollutant in the atmosphere, to form sulfuric acid, which falls with the precipitation in nature. Sulfuric acid rain can destroy large areas of forests and crops, corrode and break paper products, textiles and leather products, deteriorate metal antirust coatings and reduce their protection, and corrode and pollute buildings.

3. How to prevent and control air pollution in life

1. Don’t litter; Travel by bus and subway as much as possible, reduce the use of private cars, and buy new energy vehicles; Participate in greening activities such as planting trees; Private cars are equipped with tail gas treatment devices, and lubricating oil is used to fully burn fuel and reduce harmful gas emissions.

2. On holidays, instead of setting off fireworks and firecrackers, electronic firecrackers can be used instead, no outdoor barbecue, no burning of straw and leaves, and less coal burning to reduce air pollution.

3. Reduce the use of freon-containing air conditioners and refrigerators, and suggest purchasing new energy-saving products.

4. Reduce going out in foggy weather (according to relevant explanations, Ozone refers to ozone, while PM2.5 refers to fine suspended particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, also known as particles that can enter the lungs. This suspended particle is a "health killer" in the air. Extensive damage to respiratory system, heart and blood system).

5. Wear a mask when going out (factors such as mask material, service life and technical level are the criteria for defining the quality of masks. If consumers have no special needs, they don’t have to snap up "concept masks" marked with various functions).

6. It is everyone’s responsibility to prevent and control air pollution. It is the right given to every citizen by law to report and accuse acts that pollute and destroy the environment. When encountering uncivilized acts that pollute the atmosphere, actively report them, jointly safeguard the beautiful blue sky and build a happy Zhuzhou!

Source: Baidu Encyclopedia

　　[PConline Information] At 21 o’clock on the evening of February 24th, Beijing time, Huawei held a 5G full-scene conference in Barcelona as scheduled. This time, many 5G products were released, one after another in just one hour, which was amazing. Next, let’s briefly review the main contents of this conference.

　　2019 transcripts: revenue of 850 billion, 5G mobile phone shipments of 10 million.

　　In 2019, Huawei’s BG revenue reached 850 billion yuan, up 18% year-on-year. Huawei’s smartphones also achieved good sales, with the second largest global market share and 240 million shipments, up 16.8% year-on-year.

　　Huawei released the folding screen machine Mate Xs! Kirin 990 5G+ Leica four photos, priced at 2499 euros.

　　The protagonist Huawei Mate Xs debuted, and Huawei Mate Xs is equipped with Huawei’s most powerful 5G SoC— — Kirin 990 5G chip improves performance and reduces power consumption. Support more 5G frequency bands, 2G/3G/4G/5G full netcom, NSA/SA dual mode and 5G+4G dual card dual standby. Let you travel around the world without worry, 5G upload and download speed is faster, and the experience is better. It is like a bar phone, which turns into an 8-inch immersion screen after being unfolded, and the folding screen can change between three sizes: 8 inches, 6.6 inches and 6.38 inches. When it is unfolded, it is an 8-inch unbounded screen. When it is closed, it becomes a smart mobile phone with a front face of 6.6 inches and a back face of 6.38 inches, allowing you to see more. Huawei Mate Xs uses a large battery of 4500mAh and supports 55W Huawei super fast charging. Your spare time is enough to charge at any time.

　　For taking photos, upgrade the super-sensitive Leica four-camera system, including: 40-megapixel (27mm, f/1.RYYB) super-sensitive lens, 8-megapixel (80mm, f/2.4, OIS) telephoto lens, 16-megapixel (17mm, f/2.2) and TOF camera (supporting professional blur effect) Supports up to IOS 204800 ultra-high sensitivity, 45 times zoom range (3 times optical and 30 times digital), and supports OSI+AIS super anti-shake. Yu Chengdong also mentioned that it is particularly interesting. When Huawei Mate Xs takes a picture of the other party, the other party can see the real-time picture preview on the screen, with an 8-inch screen, and it is more convenient to look at the picture and retouch it on the mobile phone. It is pre-installed with EMUI10 system based on Android 10 deep customization.

　　Huawei Mate Xs 5G(8GB+512GB) is priced at 2,499 euros (about 19,000 yuan), which is listed globally and will meet you next month. China market will start online booking at 10:08 on February 26th, and officially go on sale at 10:08 on March 5th.

　　The strongest Android productivity! Huawei MatePad Pro 5G tablet released, starting from 799 euros.

　　MatePad Pro 5G tablet, with 90% ultra-high screen ratio, DCI-P3 movie-level color gamut 2K screen, four channels and four speakers, is light and smart, innovative in materials and colorful. Equipped with Kirin 990 5G SoC chip, the performance and energy efficiency are improved. Turn on the 5G cloud game mode. Heavy-loaded 3A games do not need to be downloaded and installed, and enjoy a brand-new game experience, with strong battery life and two-way wireless charging blessing.

　　As we all know, Huawei Kirin 990 5G has the best experience of 5G existing network, with leading performance and energy efficiency in the industry, and AI computing power is riding the dust. As Huawei’s first 7nm+ EUV process 5G SoC chip, Kirin 990 5G natively integrates the 5G baseband into the SoC chip, which realizes smaller chip area and lower power consumption compared with the mainstream plug-in baseband solution in the market.

　　In order to solve the power consumption problem caused by 5G, Kirin 990 5G took the lead in supporting BWP(Bandwidth Part) technology, and realized flexible switching of bandwidth resources under the condition of large bandwidth of 5G. Compared with the mainstream flagship chip platform in the industry, the power consumption of 5G is 44% lower. Huawei MatePad Pro 5G has made an innovative breakthrough in parallel vision, supported 3000+ applications, operated the left and right screens at the same time, and moved at will, continuously leading the ecological construction of flat horizontal screen. In addition, it can also cooperate with mobile phone multi-screen, and the two devices can display on the same screen. Just focus on one place, and work and life can be taken into account.

　　The positioning of this tablet is very clear. It is more efficient than a mobile phone and more portable than a PC. The new HUAWEI M-Pencil and other innovative interactions, whether it is business trips and meetings for office and educators, or outdoor collection and measurement for art and professionals, will maximize office efficiency through Huawei MatePad Pro series.

　　Huawei MatePad Pro will be launched overseas in April, with the price of Huawei MatePad Pro WiFi (6GB+128GB/8GB+256GB) starting from 549 euros, Huawei MatePad Pro LTE (6GB+128GB/8GB+256GB) starting from 599 euros, and Huawei MatePad Pro 5G (8GB+256GB/8GB+512).

　　Matebook X Pro 2020 notebook, the tenth generation of Core kills the audience.

　　MateBook X Pro 2020 notebook is equipped with 10th generation Intel Core i5/i7 processor, MX250 discrete graphics card, 512GB SSD and full-speed Thunderbolt 3 interface. The integrated metal fuselage, in addition to deep space gray, bright moon silver and cherry pink gold, also provides a new emerald color scheme.

　　Matebook D 14 and D 15 notebooks released at the end of November last year have also been upgraded, mainly to upgrade the CPU. The two products are equipped with up to ten generations of Core i7 processors or AMD Ryzen 7 processors, which is in line with the performance of the new shark fin fan.

　　In terms of price, Matebook X Pro has three versions: i5/8GB/512GB/MX250 version, 1499 euros (about 11400 yuan); I5/16GB/512GB/MX250 version is 1699 euros (about 12900 yuan); I7/16GB/512GB/MX250 version is 1999 euros (about 15200 yuan).

　　Huawei launched AX3 series, the world’s first Wi-Fi 6+ router, with strong quad-core performance of+3,000 Mbps.

　　However, Huawei is different. At the Huawei conference on February 24th, Huawei released the world’s first Wi-Fi 6+ router, which has strong quad-core performance, wireless rate as high as 3000Mbps, and convenient functions such as NFC touch networking. Huawei is a TOP 2 contributor to the Wi-Fi 6 standard. On the basis of Wi-Fi 6, Huawei launched Wi-Fi 6+, which greatly improved the performance of Wi-Fi. At the same time, it also brought two end-to-end self-developed Wi-Fi 6+ chips, which will be applied to Huawei routing and Huawei mobile phones.

　　On the basis of Wi-Fi 6, the end-to-end self-developed Wi-Fi 6+ chip, Lingxiao 650 for Huawei routing, Kirin W650 for Huawei mobile phones and other terminals, 160MHz ultra-large bandwidth and dynamic narrow bandwidth technology bring Huawei a brand-new Wi-Fi 6+ experience, realizing twice the speed at short distance and wearing a wall at long distance.

　　In addition, Huawei also announced HMS Core 4.0, which was actually released in January this year, and launched a lot of new functions, including Huawei account, payment, analysis, cloud hosting and game services that have been in operation for many years, and advertising and location services that have been launched for four months. In addition to the local APP store, Huawei has also launched Quick Apps, which is already in use in China. This kind of app does not need to be installed, and it is a web-based application like a small program. When it is used up, it takes up little space.

　　One big event: P40 series mobile phones released on March 26th.

　　Finally, Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei Consumer Terminal, also announced a major event — — On March 26th, Huawei will release P40 series mobile phones in Paris, which Yu Chengdong said is the strongest 5G flagship mobile phone in the world.

New york Halo spa

　　　 Since salt is used as a spa, why should I come here and go directly to the seaside? To tell you the truth, Ray thinks so, too. However, it is said that "this newly-opened Halo spa in new york can treat asthma and drive away the cold". I can’t help but make little Ray curious.

　　　 Located in Manhattan, Halo Spa is the first of its kind in the United States, and it acts like a salt cave in Eastern Europe (like Slovakia).

　　　 Ray told me, "Halo spa also has a children’s room. The children’s room looks like a fairyland, which is very suitable for bringing children." Salt is imported from Ukraine, and it is on the walls and floors, and there are fine salt particles in the air, just like salt spray.

　　　 "I can even smell a smell of salt when I bring my daughter," Ray has always been a man with strong action and keen to reveal secrets. "Maybe I’m afraid that children can’t stay, and there are many toys, rocking wooden horses and TVs in it."

　　　 It is said that this therapy is very popular in Israel. Moreover, it is said that salt therapy can also treat skin diseases, heart diseases, vascular diseases and relieve fatigue and depression, and it is also helpful to quit smoking. That said, I think it should be promoted vigorously in China, so that adults and children don’t have to worry about catching a cold in cold places.

London The Dorchester Spa

　　　 The renovated and reopened Dorchester spa is regarded as the best spa in Britain in 2010. The location is good. The environment in the Mayflower District is absolutely unparalleled in London. The Dorchester Hotel is also famous as the "best business hotel". It is said that each guest has three employees to serve it.

　　　 Gillian, a friend from London, described it as "I know this newly renovated spa is good, but I didn’t expect it to be so good". Unlike traditional spa rooms, which all have a front desk, Dorchester spa is led by a special person directly through a dark aisle to a rest area, with a platinum mirror screen behind it. The highlight of the design is the curtain made of 72,000 South African pearls designed by Linton. Luxury is naturally everywhere, such as sofas and beds inside. If you want to show off, the spa room can really be made into a brand museum. Care products are no exception. Body care products include Vaishaly,Carol Joy London (ask Londoners about the popularity of these two products) and Kerstin Florian (first appeared in the spa room in London).

　　　 Some details in the SPA are also very popular, such as the sound insulation effect of the nursing room is very good. This point was carefully considered when redecorating.

　　　 Dorchester Hotel is a favorite hotel of Hollywood stars, so maybe when you are resting in public space, you will be sitting next to a star who has been in the limelight recently. When Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings premiered in London, hotels were the first choice for holding receptions and staying with superstars. Sometimes you have to think, isn’t this luxury a bit too much?　

　　The scale of cross-border e-commerce transactions has grown rapidly in recent years. In 2013, according to iResearch’s estimation, the transaction volume of cross-border e-commerce in China was about 3.1 trillion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of 31.1% from 2008 to 2013, accounting for an increasing proportion of the total import and export trade. At present, China’s cross-border e-commerce trade is still dominated by exports, accounting for more than 80%, but the proportion of import trade is also gradually increasing.

　　Geographically, each region is also developing regional cross-border trade e-commerce. In 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission and the General Administration of Customs approved Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Zhengzhou as pilot cities for cross-border trade e-commerce. In 2013-14, some cities were successively included in the pilot cities of cross-border trade e-commerce. Cities such as Yiwu and Xiamen have begun to focus on building local cross-border trade e-commerce platforms, logistics platforms and payment platforms. Since 2013, cross-border trade e-commerce in all regions has achieved rapid growth.

　　In the process of e-commerce of traditional cross-border trade, the business in emerging markets has grown very rapidly. In 2013, in China’s export trade, the total export volume of the United States, Japan and Europe accounted for about 39%, while Africa and Latin America accounted for about 4% and 6% respectively. In the field of export e-commerce, statistics from EBAY and Alibaba show that the cross-border trade volume and growth rate of Argentina, Israel, Russia, Brazil and other countries are particularly prominent.

　　China’s annual export trade scale is at the level of 10 trillion RMB, and the market space is huge. In 2013, China’s export trade reached 2.2 trillion US dollars (about 13.6 trillion RMB), and the total import and export trade was about 4.2 trillion US dollars. According to iresearch, in 2013, China’s cross-border e-commerce transaction volume was 3.1 trillion RMB. Massive market demand has brought huge growth space for the development of e-commerce in cross-border trade.

　　From the perspective of subdivided products, most export categories are suitable for expanding e-commerce channel sales.

　　According to the data of the General Administration of Customs in the first half of 2013, more than 50% of China’s export commodities are mechanical and electrical products, and labor-intensive products such as textiles and clothing account for about 20%. Compared with bulk raw materials, consumer goods such as mechanical and electrical products and textiles are less difficult to trade e-commerce. From the perspective of commodity structure, China’s export e-commerce space is also considerable.

　　Beijing, December 10, 2007 (Reporter Han Meng) According to the News and Newspapers Summary of Voice of China, China Central Radio and Television Station, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently introduced that China’s new energy vehicles have developed rapidly, and at the same time, they have integrated various revolutionary technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet and big data, and the ecology of the automobile industry is being completely reshaped.

　　At present, the development of new energy vehicle industry in China has achieved positive results. In 2023, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China are close to tens of millions, which has cultivated the world’s largest new energy vehicle consumption market and built an efficient and collaborative industrial system, which has injected a strong impetus into the electrification transformation of the global automobile industry.

　　In addition, the industrial chain and value chain of new energy vehicles are continuously expanding to the fields of transportation, energy, information and communication, and China is accelerating the construction of a new ecology of the automobile industry.

　　Xin Guobin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, jointly promote the low-carbon development of energy supply, material supply, manufacturing and other links, and improve the green recycling ecosystem.

　　The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also said that China will actively promote the innovative development of new energy and intelligent networked vehicles, support the research and development and industrialization of new generation power batteries, new chassis, intelligent driving and other technologies, carry out pilot projects for the production access and road traffic of intelligent networked vehicles, and carry out the pilot application of city-level integration of "cars can Lu Yun".

Practice the ambition of serving the country with a pure heart

　　Liu yingshu:"Walking Textbooks" did not hesitate to conquer "Wind Volcano"

　　Reporter: viki.　

　　"The life of the road-building army is facing a serious threat. Can you build a large oxygen station? The headquarters and University of Science and Technology Beijing formed a joint research team to attack this new problem. Scientific and technical personnel forgot to eat and sleep, experimented day and night, and tackled key problems. After more than 200 failures, the world’s first large-scale plateau oxygen station was built! "

　　This is a vivid description of the fifth-grade Chinese text "Repairing the Railway to Lhasa" published by People’s Education Press. The plateau oxygen station mentioned in it was successfully developed and applied by Professor Liu Yingshu, director of the Institute of Gas Separation Engineering of University of Science and Technology Beijing, as a technical leader, and created.fiveyear15Ten thousand people built a world miracle of zero death from altitude sickness. And this is just an achievement of his major technical work for many years.

　　Going to the plateau and going to the laboratory, he will work more than a week when he is in his sixties next year.60Hours, I worked hard to carry out the research and development of major scientific and technological topics related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and maintained a high-yield scientific research life year after year.

　　Overcoming cold and lack of oxygen makes Qinghai-Tibet Railway a miracle.

　　18Years ago, when undertaking the oxygen production project of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, knowing that the site conditions were difficult and there was no precedent in the world for reference, Liu Yingshu agreed without hesitation.

　　In order to solve the problem of hypoxia in plateau construction, he ran at both the scene and the school. I usually have classes at school on Wednesdays, fly to Xining on Thursdays, then charter a bus to Golmud, Wudaoliang and Tuotuo River, walk along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and carry out oxygen-making experiments at every military station with electricity, and then rush to Beijing on Monday.

　　"When I arrived at Kunlun Mountain, my breath was dying; After five beams, I cried and shouted at my mother. On the wind volcano, the three souls have died. " This limerick vividly shows the harsh living environment in the local area. As the key control project of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the full length of Fenghuoshan Tunnel is1338Meters, elevation of entrance rail surface.4905Rice, oxygen content is only in the mainland.50%The average annual temperature is below zero.sevenIt is the highest altitude and the longest permafrost tunnel in the world, and is called the forbidden zone of life.

　　Working in such a thin air, even if the construction workers carry oxygen tanks, it is still not enough, and they are often bored just after lifting the equipment, and the construction progress is difficult to guarantee. Looking at the painful expression of the workers’ poor breathing, facing the eyes that everyone is looking forward to, Liu Yingshu, who has been steady on campus, decided to fight, designing, doing experiments, surveying and debugging day and night.

　　When installing equipment at the south entrance of the tunnel, the water has been connected, but in the afternoon,threeThe heater hasn’t arrived yet. iffiveIf it doesn’t arrive before work, the temperature will drop sharply at night, and the water will be frozen. Equipment damage is one thing, and more importantly, it will delay the construction period and affect the oxygen inhalation of railway construction personnel. At this time, there is no communication equipment at the construction site, and the person in charge is in the headquarters of the north exit of the tunnel. It is necessary to take the road from the south exit to the north exit.2An hour. He was in a hurry and decided to climb the mountain and take a shortcut.

　　from4900Climb to the foot of the mountain5400Climbing down the top of the mountain is not as pleasant as walking on the plain. The construction team leader accompanied him. Every five or six steps, the two men had to stop to catch their breath. The lack of oxygen caused their hearts to beat and jump, and they almost felt like jumping out. But time is pressing, and they dare not rest more, so they stop and go, trying their best to catch up.fourArrive at the headquarters before 8: 00 and solve the problem of the heater. That year, he had already41Years old.

　　Going to the construction site for communication, field survey, equipment installation and debugging, troubleshooting … On such a business trip, he persisted for more than two years and went to the plateau for fifty or sixty times, sometimes living in a tent.twentyMany days.

　　did2000Multi-group working condition experiments failed.200After many times, he finally overcame the problem that the low pressure on the plateau and the temperature difference between day and night greatly affected the oxygen production system, developed the high-altitude pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology, and successfully developed the highest-altitude wind-volcano tunnel oxygen production station in the world at that time, with the oxygen concentration reaching.92%Above, the workers who can breathe smoothly have renewed their enthusiasm.

　　The achievements were popularized and applied to the whole line of Qinghai-Tibet railway construction, creating15Ten thousand troops built a world miracle of zero death from altitude sickness, and the results of this project were obtained.2008National special prize for scientific and technological progress.

　　Go to the plateau to leave the root cause of the disease and use a ventilator every night.

　　The project was successful, but Liu Yingshu’s health paid a huge price. While doing scientific research and opening new courses, he was tired of lumbar disc herniation and once lay at home.twentyDon’t come to bed for many days. Later, every time he went to the plateau again, he had to go to the hospital for bonesetting massage before he could start.

　　What is more serious than lumbar disease is that he frequently goes in and out of the plateau without normal rest and adjustment, and the autonomic nerve is disordered, suffering from sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.2002He fell ill for the first time in,2003When the year is serious, his sleep for one night will appear.270More than one apnea, the longest lasting nearly.oneMinutes. He had to use the ventilator, and it continues to this day, and he has to take it with him when he is on a business trip, otherwise he will be awakened, his heart will be extremely uncomfortable, and even he will suffocate and endanger his life.

　　Although it left an irreversible root cause, Liu Yingshu did not regret it. What he cares more about is that the project has brought huge social benefits, saved countless lives, and spread the concept of oxygen inhalation to the plateau. More and more local barracks, hotels, office buildings and other places have installed oxygen-making equipment, benefiting people.100Tens of thousands.

　　"People are lucky to be able to do these things all their lives. They always have to pay a little, and it is worthwhile for individuals to be wronged." Lack of oxygen leads to physical discomfort, but it can’t stop him from being full of lofty sentiments. Infected by the spirit of the builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, he wrote a poem: "Holding the red day and stepping on the stars day and night, the roof of the world is in Changhong. Ice-eating style resists hypoxia, and contemporary foolish men give birth to gods. The frozen soil subgrade in the snow area is stable, and the wind and volcano pass through it. Ancient and modern Chinese and foreign romantic, only my plateau Tianluxiong! "

　　Important achievements concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood have come out one after another.

　　Lean coal is a kind of bituminous coal that can’t coke, and it is mainly used for power and civil fuel. High-quality coal for blast furnace injection is raw coal for ironmaking, and the economic value difference between them is at least more than twice. After finishing the research on the oxygen production project on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Liu Yingshu did not have enough rest, and immediately devoted himself to the technical development of developing the former into the latter.

　　from2002Since, he has spent.fiveIn 2000, he led the research group and factory technicians to tackle key problems, and took the lead in successfully developing and popularizing complete sets of blast furnace injection technology for lean coal and lean coal, which greatly improved the optimization and appreciation of products in the coal industry and made the national resources scientifically and reasonably utilized. The research results of the project series have successively won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.oneSpecial Prize of Scientific and Technological Progress in Shanxi Province and Coal IndustryoneItem, first prizethreeItem. Today, the research results have been widely used in industry, and the direct economic benefits exceed.200100 million yuan.

　　Just as the above topics are in full swing,2003When SARS hit in 2000, schools were closed and factories in other places could not go. Liu Yingshu, who rarely has a rest, didn’t relax at home. After learning that the patient24When oxygen inhalation was indispensable when he was a child, medical staff had to wear thick protective clothing and carry oxygen bottles to deliver oxygen to patients. He suddenly thought of whether a small and portable oxygen generator could be designed to reduce the burden on both doctors and patients.

　　He volunteered and applied for the emergency support project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Because of the relevant research foundation, the development was not very difficult, and soon he invented a small portable oxygen generator for patients to use alone, which solved the problem of safe oxygen use for SARS patients. Subsequently, he promoted the technology with the support of the school.

　　At present, the Institute of Gas Separation Engineering of University of Science and Technology Beijing has become the only center in China to research and develop the miniaturization technology of pressure swing adsorption oxygen production, forming the technical support position of the national medical health oxygen production machine industry, and laying a theoretical and technical foundation for the development and growth of the micro pressure swing adsorption oxygen production machine industry in China.

　　Liu Yingshu’s thinking is particularly active, and he is good at associating with real life. After completing the design of a small oxygen generator for SARS patients, he soon thought of the source of oxygen for people to breathe in a fire environment, wondering whether he could invent an instrument to directly convert carbon dioxide exhaled by the human body into oxygen.

　　He led the research group, aiming at the characteristics of the fire scene and the breathing needs of different people, spent a lot of effort to overcome the problems of self-circulation cooling, developed a series of products without circulating breathing equipment, and innovatively turned the "question mark" into an "exclamation point". Users can breathe through self-circulation, and can persist when they are still.oneHours, can also support when running.30Minutes, not only ensure the safety of life, but also the cost is not high, only a few hundred yuan for a piece of equipment.

　　At present, this series of products have become breathing equipment recognized in the field of fire protection and hazardous chemicals.2015After the explosion in Tanggu, Tianjin in, this kind of emergency respirator provided breathing and life-saving support for fire rescue workers.

　　In addition, in order to solve the problem of natural gas shortage in China, he carried out enrichment and purification research on coal mine gas and biogas, and applied it in Jizhong and Jixi. In terms of biological natural gas purification, he undertook the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" country.863The key project of the plan "Research on Key Technologies of Biogas Purification" and the key project of Beijing Science and Technology Commission "Demonstration Project of Integrated Application of Biogas Technology and Equipment in Beijing-Zhangjia Area" can purify biogas from bio-fermentation to methane concentration.95%The above bio-natural gas will be used in Beijing-Zhangjiang area to promote the development and utilization of biomass energy in China and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

　　Work every week60Wake up in the middle of the night thinking technology

　　Won the prize of scientific and technological progress achievementtwentyMore than one, including the National Science and Technology Progress Award.oneItem, the second prize of national scientific and technological progress.oneItem; Preside over and undertake major national scientific and technological research projects, national natural science foundation projects, and key projects of science, technology and industry committee for national defense.60Remaining items; Published papers300More than one article, published monograph.fourDepartment, enjoy special government allowances; Obtain a national authorized patent55Item, international leading, international advanced achievement appraisal.sixItem …

　　As one of the top experts in gas separation in China, Liu Yingshu has achieved fruitful results in academic research. He has no time to look back on the past. He always finishes a project and immediately throws himself into the research of new topics. His brain has been in high operation. He can maintain a high-yield trend for many years. He said that it is because he likes to ponder new problems, do scientific research, and pay attention to the development of the times and society. He always feels that there are too many problems to be solved in real life and hopes to do something practical, so he always has an interest in scientific research and keeps moving forward.

　　He is nearly sixty years old, but he still keeps forging ahead, working more than one week.60An hour, now I have it on handthreeA major issue, all related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Among them, he undertook the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" key research and development project "Multi-pollutant Collection, Adsorption, Removal and Recycling Technology and Demonstration of Flue Gas", aiming at the problem of pollutants in flue gas, with the goal of transforming pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in flue gas into high value-added gas products.

　　Originally, the project was planned to be established and processed every hour.fiveAfter seeing the interim results of the project, the factory increased its confidence and decided to expand the production line to every hour.100Ten thousand cubic meters. Being able to gain the trust of the manufacturer, he feels that the opportunity is rare and the responsibility is great. Recently, he often wakes up at two or three in the middle of the night and ponders over the technical scheme.

　　"If it is successfully developed, it will open up a new way of air pollution control that will bring both environmental protection benefits and economic benefits, and enterprises will change from passive environmental protection with pure investment to active environmental protection with positive returns." The pressure is temporary, and he is full of expectations for the research and development prospects. At this moment, he completely forgot his injuries, and he was as radiant as a fighter who went to the battlefield.

　　Like a "walking textbook", teaching for many years ranks first.5%

　　Liu Yingshu is not only an accomplished scientific researcher, but also a people’s teacher who cultivates talents conscientiously. He has successively won the honorary titles of Beijing’s teacher’s moral model and Beijing’s excellent teacher.

　　No matter how busy the scientific research work is, he always puts teaching and educating people in an important position, and he is used to attending classes in advance.15Minutes to the classroom, the average annual workload for the school professor rated workloadfiveMore than times. Almost everyone in his team received the teacher’s advice on revising the paper at two or three o’clock in the morning. From topic selection to punctuation, a paper usually needs to be revised three or five times before you can rest assured.

　　Vision Wei, a student, said that when catching up with the smog, the teacher would remind students to wear masks; After students graduate, teachers will still keep in close contact. From career development to introduction, he takes good care of everyone; As long as he asks questions, he will answer them at any time. "Although the teacher has already made a name for himself, he is humble and does not put on airs." Sun Ning, a student, said that he would listen to students’ feedback on the courseware patiently, revise it from time to time, innovate constantly, and would rather do research with you and produce results.

　　"Courtesy", "faithfulness", "diligence" and "cleanliness" are the basic requirements that Liu Yingshu put forward for graduate students, including being polite, such as letting the teacher go first when waiting for the elevator and not eating in class; Appreciate the cooperation opportunities given by others and thank each other for their trust; No matter the size of the task received, reply in time, be honest in academic work, and do not make any fraud, and be trustworthy in life; Think hard and work hard; Love to be clean, keep the laboratory clean …　　　

　　The rules seem to be small, but they are mostly trivial, but they contain his endless expectations for young students, not only guiding their studies, but also teaching them the truth of doing things, because he believes that details determine success or failure. "underground capsule regulation people can support in it.sevenGod, if the data is false, he shouldn’t go into the cabin for a period of timesevenGod’s real-life experiment. ""you can go to graduate school, which means that your intelligence has reached the standard, and then whoever is diligent can make achievements. Than hard work, you can with me.PK. ""If you don’t sweep a house, why sweep the world? " "If you want to do a good job in scientific research, you must learn to give up a lot of things, and the mentality of people who do scientific research must be flat and low."

　　His class is very popular with students, ranking first in teaching evaluation for many years.5%. In order to create good experimental conditions for the scientific research team, he raised funds by himself and built a world-class gas separation laboratory with a value of over 10 million. Under his leadership, the members of the scientific research team grew rapidly, won many national scholarships, were rated as the top ten academic stars of University of Science and Technology Beijing, and were selected into the postdoctoral innovation program of China. After graduation, they grew into top technical soldiers in all walks of life.

　　The students lamented that Liu Jiaoshou was a teacher and a friend; An elder, more like a relative.2014In, Dr. Zhang Chuanzhao graduated and taught in another university, which changed the direction of professional research. When he first joined the company, he didn’t adapt to many places, and he was so nervous that he lost sleep and even lost his hair every day. When he went back to his alma mater to chat with his teacher, Liu Yingshu comforted him: "Don’t worry, work hard, man proposes, God disposes." Sometimes hard work doesn’t necessarily pay off, but it doesn’t pay off if you don’t work hard. " After that, I took out my mobile phone and showed him my recent flight records. I went to four cities on business in a week. "You see that the teacher works so hard, and the things at hand may not have good results, but the teacher is still insisting, so you have to work hard." The teacher almost said Zhang Chuanzhao’s tears in a word, which seemed to inject energy in an instant.

　　Energy institute2015After finishing the freshman seminar, Wang Yi, a Grade-1 student, wrote a letter to him: "Teacher Liu, I want to say thank you. Thanks to your teaching and companionship in the past six months. For freshmen, a master like you is both looking up and deeply impressed. You care for us, paying attention to knowledge and being a man, and preparing small gifts for us on Christmas Eve. By your side, like a spring breeze! " Under his guidance, Wang Yi won a national scholarship, achieved good results in competitions such as the Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Competition, and successfully applied for graduate studies.　　　

　　Liu Yingshu also pays attention to supporting young teachers. He helps young colleagues who enter the research group to set career development goals and guide them with their own experiences; He often discusses with them on scientific research direction and academic issues; He helped them to establish contact with famous overseas scholars, introduced enterprises to them, signed horizontal projects, revised project applications and solved technical problems. In recent years, the young teachers of the research group have won many high-level scientific research projects, such as the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Project, the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project and the Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Program Project.

　　He said: "At our age, one of the main tasks is to build platforms and ladders for young people and pass on the scientific research tasks in our hands like a baton."

　　"Three-inch chalk, three-foot platform is the national luck; A heart of Dan, holding a candle to cast the soul of the people all his life. " This is Liu Yingshu, who, full of childlike innocence, practiced his ambition to serve the country, conquered one "wind volcano" after another on the road of scientific research, and became a "walking textbook" in students’ minds, explaining the meaning of "teachers’ morality" in every word and deed.