China Optics of the Light Center of the original Changguang Institute is included in the topic # Intelligent Photonics 1# Ultrafast Laser 1.

Written by Cyan (Ph.D. student, University of Bristol, UK)

Author’s recommendation

Professor Goëry Genty (University of Tampere, Finland):

Our international cooperation team published a summary article in Nature Photonics on the topic of "Machine Learning and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics". A major feature of this review is that it provides a series of basic concepts for readers (such as students) who are not familiar with related fields.

At present, people don’t know how to make the best use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to promote future research, but the application of ultrafast photon technology in controlling complex laser systems and generating customized beams has not fully exerted its potential. We have solved this problem now and summarized different machine learning methods that can be used to study and control ultrafast photonic systems.

Our goal is to make readers who are not experts in this field fully understand this review and provide them with the basic knowledge of machine learning applied to ultrafast photonics. This paper mainly summarizes the design and optimization of laser and the research and control of ultrafast dynamics (the change of light field properties).

For each case, we try to explain how machine learning technology may be applied to the actual cases of interest, the benefits they can bring and the future research direction. It also explains different algorithms in machine learning and some guidelines on how to use them, which provides a quick start for researchers who are not familiar with this field.

Artistic renderings: the application of artificial intelligence in ultrafast photonics. The figure shows how the neural network controls the properties of the incident field by seeking the optimal value in a complex multidimensional space. This concept can eventually help to generate light beams with special properties. (Source: Tampere University, Finland)

With the landing of various intelligent applications, machine learning, artificial intelligence and other professional terms that use statistical techniques and numerical algorithms to perform specific tasks have become well known to the public. In optics, the early application of machine learning mostly appears in the form of genetic algorithm, which is used for pattern recognition, image reconstruction, aberration correction or optical element design.

Figure 1. Machine learning (artistic renderings)

Source: Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Light Academic Publishing Center, New Media Working Group.

Ultrafast lasers play an important role in many fields of photonics, such as communication, material processing and biological imaging. It directly contributed to the research results of three Nobel Prize levels:

Femtosecond Laser Coherence Control (1999) [Recommended Reading]

Precision Frequency Comb (2005) [Recommended Reading]

High Power Femtosecond Pulse Amplified by Chirped Pulse (2018) [Recommended Reading]

However, the design and operation technology of ultrafast lasers have not changed much compared with those when they were first developed decades ago. With the increasing demand for the quality of light source in various new applications, the complexity of laser is increasing day by day, which means that the amount of data in the process of laser design and optimization will explode, making the traditional design optimization scheme no longer applicable.

The high-speed processing of a large amount of data is the field that AI technology such as machine learning is good at. Therefore, the combination of the latest progress of ultrafast photonics with powerful tools such as artificial intelligence and machine learning provides a new way to overcome this bottleneck.

Professor Goëry Genty from Tampere University, Finland [introduction], together with scholars from three other universities in Europe, reviewed the specific fields in which machine learning technology has been applied and breakthroughs have been made in ultrafast photonics; Consider the future challenges and research direction, and provide a feasible research process roadmap; It also points out the applications that are expected to have a significant impact in the next few years.

1. Application of machine learning in ultrafast photonics

In view of the excellent performance of machine learning in data classification, identifying hidden structures and processing parameters with large degrees of freedom, many important scientific research achievements have come out, especially in the fields of big data processing and reverse design. As shown in Figure 2, different machine learning strategies and related architectures are described, and the core concepts, implementation methods and applications in ultrafast photonics are listed.

Figure 2. Main concepts and implementation methods of machine learning in ultrafast photonics.

Source: Nature Photonics/translation: Cyan (writer)

Figure 3 describes the general application model of machine learning in ultrafast photonics. A) The diagram depicts the training stage, in which the control signal and the measuring device are used to detect the parameter space and map the corresponding operating state respectively. Then, the collected data is input into the machine learning algorithm for training.

Fig. 3. Machine learning process of controlling components with feedback loop and control algorithm.

A) training stage b) machine learning assistant stage

Source: Nature Photonics/translation: Cyan (writer)

B) Figure depicts the self-adjusting process, in which the real-time operating state characteristics of laser and a simplified measuring system are fed into electronic equipment controlled by machine learning algorithm to lock the system to an ideal mechanism. This is where machine learning is particularly powerful, because once trained, the algorithm can quickly select parameters to achieve the best operation.

When using the machine learning model, you should also pay attention to the following items:

Selection of architecture and related parameters

accuracy control

Training data

Overfitting avoidance

Robustness and Transfer Learning

According to the selection of the above structural parameters, with different algorithms in the implementation method circle in Figure 2, such as genetic algorithm, feedforward neural network, convolutional/recursive neural network and unsupervised learning, the specific target design can be realized quickly.

Second, the laser design and optimization

(1) Self-tuning of ultrafast fiber laser

Since the pulse state is influenced by many factors, such as dispersion, nonlinearity and dissipative effect, the operation of laser system is actually very complicated. This complexity, on the one hand, has greatly improved the quality of light sources; On the other hand, it also poses great challenges for control and optimization.

This difficulty stems from the need to achieve the balance of multiple degrees of freedom (or control parameters) in order to achieve stable operation or achieve a specific mechanism. When multiple output characteristics need to be optimized at the same time, the traditional optimization method will no longer be applicable. The optimal design method based on machine learning is especially suitable for this system with greatly increased complexity.

(2) Coherent dynamic control

In addition to directly controlling the laser as mentioned above, external cavity modulation technology is also widely used in pulse shaping of ultrafast pulses. This kind of optimization involving multiple related parameters, machine learning can obviously surpass other forms of automatic optimization control theory. For example, Professor Daniel B. Turner’s team showed people how the adaptive neural network algorithm can control the pulse shaper and significantly accelerate its implementation, and its convergence speed is about 100 times faster than the traditional algorithm.

Third, the characteristics and control of ultrafast pulse propagation dynamics

(1) Hidden physical model

The application of machine learning to derive prediction models from sparse or noisy measurements has been successful. With the development of technology, a concept called "hidden physical model" is put forward, that is, by using "physical information neural network" to analyze dynamic data samples, the closed mathematical model or nonlinear differential equation that controls the physical system can be automatically identified. This method should also be used in ultrafast photonics to analyze the transmission dynamics of pulses in optical fibers. In addition, this model-free method is also used to predict the coherent dynamics of soliton-like transmission. However, at present, this kind of work is only based on numerical data-the next step in this field is obviously to explore the control model from the experimental data set.

(2) Chaotic system and instability

In the chaotic system, the measurement system that directly captures the breathing laser [] imposes serious restrictions on the experiment in complexity.

Machine learning can directly solve this problem. By training neural network to determine the time characteristics of chaotic field, only the intensity characteristics of spectrum need to be measured (which is easier to measure). Recently, a similar method has been used to determine the peak power, duration and time delay of extreme wandering solitons in noise continuous spectrum. In addition, similar applications have been extended to more complex systems, such as those observed in transient laser behavior and extreme events.

(3) Multidimensional system

One of the main advantages of neural network is that it can effectively analyze the characteristics of multidimensional systems. This is especially suitable for multimode optical fiber systems, because space-time coupling greatly increases the complexity of parameter space and nonlinear propagation dynamics. Uurtein of the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, drives a spatial light modulator through a neural network to generate supercontinuum spectrum in a step index distribution fiber, which proves the potential of machine learning.

Figure 4. Neural network structure (artistic effect diagram)

Source: Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Light Academic Publishing Center, New Media Working Group.

IV. Prospects and Challenges

Ultrafast photonic systems are very complex and usually nonlinear, and their dynamic characteristics are very sensitive to internal parameters and external disturbances. Due to the demand for stability, anti-interference robustness, adjustability and adaptive control, the complexity of these systems is increasing day by day. Machine learning technology, which can find hidden features and adapt independently when contacting new data, may play an important role in the next generation of ultra-fast systems and applications.

At the same time, in the application of ultrafast photonics, machine learning also faces the following challenges:

1) When using recursive networks, it is very important to sample pairs along the evolutionary dimension (time or distance) to extract and reproduce the long-term evolutionary structure. Therefore, memory limitation will become a problem, especially in lasers that require multiple cavity round trips to stabilize.

2) Unsupervised learning analysis divides data into subsets with similarities, but it lacks key information about the criteria used for classification.

3) When the photon system is processed in real time, it needs the ability to manage a large amount of data and a hardware framework that can cope with the ultra-fast processing speed.

To sum up, machine learning provides effective solutions for many problems encountered at this stage, which makes ultrafast photonics play an effective role in a wider range of fields. As Professor Goëry Genty said: "We believe that machine learning can play an important role in the next generation of laser light sources. Our work can inspire researchers to fully tap the potential of artificial intelligence in ultrafast photonics and its many applications. "

Article information

Genty, G., Salmela, L., Dudley, J.M. et al. Machine learning and applications in ultrafast photonics. Nat. Photonics (2020).

Original address

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-00716-4

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Original title: Application of Machine Learning in Ultrafast Photonics

Read the original text

　　Xinhuanet reporter Wang Zihui

　　[While studying] At the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection held from May 18th to 19th, the Supreme Leader General Secretary delivered an important speech, which expounded his thoughts on ecological civilization completely and profoundly, which is of great significance for doing a good job in ecological environmental protection at present and in the future, and pushing China’s ecological civilization construction to a new level. On the occasion of World Environment Day on June 5th, Xinhua News Agency’s original brand column "Workshop" published an article for your interpretation.

　　In the critical period, it has entered the critical period and reached the window period. At the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection held from May 18th to 19th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a clear judgment on the overall situation of ecological civilization construction.

　　At this historic juncture of "three-phase superposition", how to push China’s ecological civilization construction to a new level? The supreme leader expounded his ecological civilization thought completely and profoundly, and gave a correct epistemology and scientific methodology.

　　In this important speech, three words appear repeatedly, which are the soul and main line running through the whole article. These three words are "common people".

　　The key to learning and understanding the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought is to deeply understand the central position of the people in the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought.

　　Provide more high-quality ecological products for the people.

　　It is necessary to take the obvious improvement of air quality as the rigid requirement, and return the people to blue sky, white clouds and stars. It is necessary to thoroughly implement the action plan for water pollution prevention and control, and give people the sight of clear water and green shores and shallow fish. It is necessary to fully implement the action plan for the prevention and control of soil pollution, so that ordinary people can eat and live with peace of mind. It is necessary to continue to carry out rural human settlements improvement actions and keep the idyllic scenery of birds and flowers for the people … …

　　These words of the supreme leader focus on the quality of life of ordinary people everywhere, and every sentence is in the hearts of ordinary people.

　　There is no substitute for the ecological environment, which is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people’s livelihood. The supreme leader stressed that solving outstanding ecological and environmental problems should be regarded as a priority area for people’s livelihood.

　　"I hope that the blue sky is always there, the green mountains are always there, and the green water is always there, so that children can live in a good ecological environment … …” The supreme leader spoke so affectionately more than once, showing deep people’s feelings.

　　The supreme leader emphasized that the ecological environment is a major political issue related to the party’s mission and purpose. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s initial intention and mission is to seek happiness for the people of China, to revive the Chinese nation, and to serve the people wholeheartedly will always be the fundamental purpose of the Party.

　　This requirement is clear. We vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization. The fundamental purpose is to respond to the people’s thoughts, expectations and urgency, provide more high-quality ecological products, and constantly meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment.

　　Constantly satisfying the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment is the most distinctive feature of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought and the fundamental starting point of all work in ecological civilization construction.

　　Create a Jinshan Yinshan with high quality development for the people.

　　Promoting green development in an all-round way is the inherent requirement of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought.

　　The Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Promoting green development in an all-round way is not only to provide more high-quality ecological products for the people, but also to create a high-quality development Jinshan Yinshan for the people.

　　In the past few decades, China’s economy has maintained rapid growth for a long time, but the development model that relies too much on increasing material resources consumption, relying too much on extensive scale expansion, and relying too much on high-energy and high-emission industries has also accumulated certain structural problems.

　　As China’s economy changes from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, it is urgent to change the development mode, optimize the economic structure and change the growth momentum in order to cross the major barrier of economic development. Green development is the development concept of innovation-oriented, intensive and efficient, and quality first. It is the only way to cultivate and expand new industries, new formats and new models.

　　An important aspect of the ecological civilization system planned by the supreme leader is the ecological economic system with industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization as the main body. In the supreme leader’s view, ecology is resources and ecology is productivity.

　　Just as he said to forestry workers when he inspected the suspension of logging in Shangganling forest area of Heilongjiang Province, "As long as you are hardworking and willing to do it, you will be able to harvest Jinshan Yinshan by guarding the green mountains and green hills."

　　At the national eco-environmental protection conference, the top leaders deployed key tasks to comprehensively promote green development, including adjusting the economic structure and energy structure, optimizing the layout of land space development, adjusting the industrial layout of regional river basins, cultivating and expanding energy-saving and environmental protection industries, clean production industries and clean energy industries, promoting comprehensive resource conservation and recycling, realizing the circular link between production systems and living systems, advocating a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and opposing extravagance and waste and unreasonable consumption.

　　These tasks are very important for establishing and improving a green and low-carbon circular economic system and promoting high-quality development. Implementing these tasks well will inevitably bring more and more real sense of gain to the people.

　　Building a sustainable "green bank" for ordinary people

　　Ecological prosperity leads to civilized prosperity, while ecological decline leads to civilized decline. The construction of ecological civilization is a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

　　Chinese civilization has lasted for more than 5000 years. How to achieve sustainable development? Respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting ecology are the answers given by the supreme leader.

　　The supreme leader vigorously promotes the construction of ecological civilization, but also wants to leave a "green bank" for future generations, which is the most fundamental and long-term development interest of the people.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed the construction of ecological civilization in the strategic position of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s "five in one" overall layout, and promoted historic, turning and overall changes in ecological environmental protection.

　　At the national conference on ecological environmental protection, the supreme leader put forward six principles to promote the construction of ecological civilization in the new era, demanding that the construction of the "five major systems" of ecological civilization be accelerated, and the deployment should resolutely fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control. Each of these "six principles" and "five systems" is a fundamental and long-term work, and each of them is related to the background of a well-off society in an all-round way and the national rejuvenation plan.

　　In this speech, the Supreme Leader set a clear timetable for the construction of "Beautiful China": to ensure that by 2035, the ecological environment quality will be fundamentally improved and the goal of "Beautiful China" will be basically achieved. By the middle of this century, the five major civilizations will be upgraded in an all-round way, a green development mode and lifestyle will be fully formed, man and nature will coexist harmoniously, and the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the field of ecological environment will be fully realized, and a beautiful China will be built.

　　This "timetable" is closely related to the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way and starting a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way determined by the 19 th National Congress. The supreme leader said earnestly that we must grit our teeth, climb this slope and cross this hurdle.

　　Upholding Party leadership and strengthening Party building are the "roots" and "souls" of state-owned enterprises. Zhuhai Communications Group Co., Ltd. is a wholly state-owned enterprise under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Zhuhai City. The Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Zhuhai Communications Group") resolutely puts strengthening the party’s leadership into the overall strategic deployment of the enterprise, insists on the deep integration and integration of party building work with production and operation, and focuses on the main business of "helping Zhuhai to build a transportation network with internal connection and external expansion and efficient connection" around the general direction of "high-quality party building leading high-quality engineering construction". With the management concept of "three types and one integration" (leading, strict management, service-oriented and information-oriented), we spare no effort to insert party flag into the front line of the construction site, inject the red gene into the project construction, and fully roll out the demonstration of "red construction site", effectively transforming the political advantage of the party into the driving force for striving for quality engineering.

Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group won the title of "Advanced Grassroots Party Organization in Guangdong Province" in 2021.

　　Since its establishment, Zhuhai Transportation Group has undertaken more than 80 transportation projects, with a total investment of more than 80 billion yuan, with a total highway investment of about 49.236 billion yuan and a mileage of 381.4 kilometers. It has won a first prize for management innovation achievements of state-owned enterprises, a national high-quality project award, a highway transportation high-quality project award, four "National Municipal Jinbei Demonstration Project" awards and 103 provincial and ministerial awards. In 2021, the Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group won the honorary title of "Guangdong Advanced Grassroots Party Organization" and was the only municipal state-owned enterprise in Zhuhai to win this honor; Zhuhai Tunnel Project, Hegang Expressway Project, Xianghai Bridge Project (including feeder projects) and Jinhai Highway Bridge Project were awarded the title of "Red Site" demonstration project in Zhuhai in 2021, and the title of "Red Site" demonstration project for highway and waterway construction in Zhuhai in 2021 and 2022 respectively.

　　(A) strictly regulate the construction of grass-roots organizations, and vigorously inject "red genes"

　　The first is to select the best and strengthen the "first-line command". The Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group has fully summarized and absorbed the advanced practices and good experiences of party building and joint construction in construction projects, and comprehensively rolled out the creation of "red construction sites" in construction projects focusing on Zhuhai Tunnel, Hegang Expressway, Xianghai Bridge and Jinhai Highway Bridge, strictly implemented the "five haves and six haves" creation standards, and assembled construction, construction, supervision, survey and design units to establish party building and joint construction party branches. The general manager, director and chief engineer of each unit shall serve as the secretary and member of the Party branch of the United Party, implement "one post and two responsibilities", build a party building and co-construction mechanism that helps each other, promotes each other, shares resources and improves together, and effectively extend the tentacles of managing the party to the forefront of project construction.

　　The second is to build a "red gas station". The joint construction party branches insist on combining the position construction with the actual project construction, and have built high-standard hardware facilities such as party member activity room, party history study and education base, project workshop, cultural corridor, party-mass post station, VR safety experience hall, etc. at the project site, and effectively integrate the project production, quality, safety and progress into the political life and organizational life of the party by using regular meetings and project workshops according to local conditions, making party member education practical, effective and effective.

Construction of "Red Site" Positions of Joint Construction Party Branches

　　(B) in-depth education in party member, effectively lighting the "red engine."

　　First, strengthen political construction and build a solid ideological foundation. Guided by the party’s political construction, the joint party branches carry out in-depth study and education on party history in the first line of the project, carry out centralized study by making full use of "three meetings and one lesson", innovatively holding "lecture hall on party history" and "night party class", organize theme party day activities such as raising the national flag to sing the national anthem, watching red movies, visiting revolutionary sites and visiting party history exhibition halls, build "red promenade" and party history study and education bases in the project site, and guide party member from the first line.

　　The second is to serve the people and practice the initial mission. The joint construction party branches always take solving the people’s urgent difficulties and worries as their starting point and foothold, and take measures such as party member cadres’ first-line supervision, reversing the construction period plan, increasing resource input, organizing labor competitions, regular strict assessment and timely adjustment and rectification to promote the two key livelihood projects of Zhuhai SASAC, which have achieved the set goals with high quality and efficiency, greatly facilitating citizens’ travel. Earnestly serving the people, solving problems for front-line personnel, co-building with community party organizations along the project site, and actively participating in community volunteer service activities have narrowed the distance with the resident people and created a harmonious construction atmosphere.

　　The third is to deepen discipline construction and build a clean government defense line. Zhuhai Communications Group has undertaken major projects in Zhuhai, and it is particularly important to control the risk of clean government. All the joint party branches tamped with integrity prevention and control in an all-round and high-intensity way, and carried out activities such as party secretary’s lectures on integrity, knowledge contest on party rules and discipline, watching integrity education films, reminding people of integrity talks, and supervising integrity practitioners, which achieved publicity and education to the construction site, anti-corrosion responsibility to the post, integrity and self-discipline to ideas, and achieved two excellent "quality project" and "integrity project"; Combining the key links of the transportation industry, we have improved nearly 30 systems, such as the implementation rules of honesty and self-discipline, bidding management methods, contract management methods and design change management methods, and built a "firewall" of honesty; Implement special prevention and control in key areas and key links, and strengthen fund management in circulation links such as bidding, quality control, project payment, acceptance and settlement, and project change.

The joint party branches carry out party member education.

　　(C) vigorously promote the integration and mutual promotion of Party building and engineering construction, and fully stimulate the "red kinetic energy."

　　First, pay close attention to safety production. All joint construction party branches always put the implementation of safety in production in a prominent position, strictly implement the safety inspection plan, do a thorough investigation, rectification and routine inspection, and carry out project workshops, "Monday Safety Learning Day" activities, team "six small" construction, "May 1" test and detection skills competition, "pre-class meeting" competition, labor competition, "red armband" inspection and other forms.

　　The second is to focus on technological innovation. The joint construction party branches actively carry out the management concept of "three types and one integration" of Zhuhai Communications Group, put quality engineering in a prominent position, comprehensively promote the action of creating national excellence, and put six management innovations in the whole process of project implementation, including the access system for raw materials and temporary facilities, on-site "7S" standard management, dynamic first article acceptance system, process inspection and image retention system, BIM information management and safety information management platform, so as to comprehensively improve the quality of project construction. Zhuhai tunnel project strictly controls the access of raw materials and process supervision, and implements the first sample project acceptance system for key working procedures and parts; Hegang Expressway project combines the "red construction site" with the special action of project quality improvement and efficiency improvement, forming 57 technical points of green project creation and 23 technical demonstration highlights in 10 categories; Xianghai Bridge Project actively promotes the application and innovation of new technologies, implements classified management and hierarchical control of construction schemes, strictly implements expert argumentation and review of major schemes, and specially controls the special acceptance of working procedures; Jinhai Highway Bridge project vigorously promotes advanced and reliable construction technology and carries out technological innovation, such as using drip irrigation+one cloth and one film or film winding and spraying to maintain concrete members, which effectively ensures the engineering quality.

The joint party branches lead the quality engineering construction with the mode of "Party Building +N"

　　Effect of reform

　　First, the battle fortress was effectively built. The Party branch of each league effectively unites all the participating units, vigorously promotes the "Party Building +N" working mode, promotes the combination of party building work with project research and technical excellence, and effectively builds the battle fortress of the party branch in the front line of the construction site, providing a strong organizational guarantee for the project construction and a joint effort to overcome difficulties. Especially in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in Zhuhai in early 2022, the joint party branches went to the front line of community war and epidemic, while paying close attention to production and construction, which fully demonstrated the responsibility and responsibility of state-owned enterprises.

　　Second, the vanguard model is effectively highlighted. The joint party branches actively set up a pioneer model platform in party member, divided the responsibility areas in party member, set up a safety and quality supervision post in party member, a volunteer service team in party member, and a technical research team in party member, and set up party member vanguard teams to fight epidemic, rescue, create excellence, coordinate and guarantee, and tackle key technical problems, so as to promote party member to always show its identity, commitment and performance in key areas and important links. From July to September, 2021, party member, the Party branch of Hegang Expressway Project, actively played the vanguard and exemplary role and the spirit of "building an iron army", took the lead in grabbing progress and tackling difficulties, and promoted the trial operation of the first phase of Hegang Expressway more than three months ahead of schedule, effectively alleviating the east-west traffic pressure in Zhuhai during the 13th China International Aviation and Aerospace Expo.

Zhuhai Hegang Expressway Phase I Project

　　Third, the progress and quality of the project construction are effectively ensured. The comprehensive establishment of the "red construction site" has enabled all the party organizations of the participating units to work in the same direction for the same goal, effectively improving the rigid contractual relationship between Party A and Party B, creating a good atmosphere of equality, interaction and mutual assistance, and greatly enhancing the promotion and effectiveness of project construction. By the end of November, 2022, Zhuhai Communications Group had completed more than 50 key projects, including Honghe Bridge, Jinqin Express Line, Xianghai Bridge branch project Meihua Interchange to Beizao Interchange, Hegang Expressway Jiangzhu Expressway to Airport East Road, which was officially opened to traffic on December 15, 2020, Hegang Expressway from Airport East Road to Airport Expressway, which was opened to traffic at the end of September, 2021, and Xianghai Bridge on November 6, 2022. By the end of October 2022, Hegang Expressway had completed an annual investment of 919 million yuan, accounting for 83.52% of the annual investment plan; The accumulated investment is 7.668 billion yuan, accounting for 89.42% of the total investment. The second phase of Hegang Expressway is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2022 and opened to traffic in the first half of 2023. Jinhai Highway Bridge completed an annual investment of 758 million yuan, accounting for 86.14% of the annual investment plan; The accumulated investment is 4.747 billion yuan, accounting for 74.84% of the estimated investment. The first phase of the project is planned to be completed and opened to traffic in the second half of 2023. Zhuhai Tunnel completed an annual investment of 515 million yuan, accounting for 83.6% of the annual investment plan; The accumulated investment was 1.1 billion yuan,It accounts for 24.8% of the approved budget, and the project is expected to be completed and opened to traffic in 2024.

Honghe Bridge in Zhuhai

Zhuhai Xianghai Bridge

　　Next, the Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group will continue to adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, consolidate and expand the grass-roots party building working mechanism that is consistent with the development goal of the main business, match the production mode and coordinate the management mode, fully activate the kinetic energy of "red construction site" creation, promote institutionalized implementation, standardized management and quality improvement, realize high-quality project construction led by high-quality party building, and contribute to Zhuhai’s high-quality construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics modern international special economic zone in the new era.

In dry and cold climate, the defense function of human respiratory tract is easy to decrease, so every winter is the season of high incidence of respiratory tract infections. This year’s situation is a bit special. Although the common respiratory pathogens are popular in previous years, they can’t hold back and launch an offensive, making many children and even adults recruited.

Judging from the current situation, mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus are the main causes of respiratory infection in children this year. In view of these pathogens, we asked Fu Peipei, the pediatric attending physician of Beijing Friendship Hospital, to sort out their respective infection characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment methods and preventive suggestions, hoping to help everyone spend the epidemic peak of respiratory infection more effectively and smoothly.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogen between bacteria and viruses, and children are generally susceptible. Pneumonia caused by this pathogen is common in preschool and school-age children.

In Beijing, the previous epidemic season of mycoplasma pneumoniae was winter, and most of them were mild. Compared with previous years, the epidemic time of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was earlier this year, and it spread widely, and the cases of severe pneumonia and refractory pneumonia increased significantly. However, from the overall situation of children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, upper respiratory tract infection is still the majority.

symptom

After being infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, the main symptom is fever or cough. Children with mild illness may have mild fever or cough, and some of them will get better on their own. When pneumonia develops, children often show moderate or high fever, severe cough, and even spasmodic cough like pertussis and prolonged cough. More serious severe mycoplasma pneumonia usually occurs in the course of about 1 week, and children may have shortness of breath or dyspnea.

suggestion

Persistent high fever > 3 days or fever > 7 days, or dyspnea, chest pain, poor spirit, headache, convulsions, frequent vomiting, etc., it is recommended to seek medical advice in time.

treat

For mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the first choice drugs are still macrolides, including azithromycin, erythromycin and clarithromycin. For drug-resistant mycoplasma infection, children over 8 years old can choose tetracycline drugs, such as doxycycline and minocycline.

Children with mild pneumonia need not be hospitalized, but can be observed and treated at home; Children with severe pneumonia are advised to be hospitalized in time. Parents should not give their children antibiotics by themselves, but must choose a treatment plan suitable for their children’s condition under the guidance of a doctor.

prevent

It should be noted that Mycoplasma pneumoniae is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and the incubation period is 1-3 weeks. At present, there is no vaccine to prevent Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Developing good hygiene habits, such as wearing masks and washing hands frequently, is the main means to avoid infection.

Influenza virus

Influenza, referred to as influenza for short, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Influenza A and B are seasonal epidemic every year, and generally all parts of China have entered the influenza epidemic season since October.

According to the data released by the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of influenza cases in Beijing has increased rapidly recently, and it is prevalent with many other pathogens. For influenza virus, people are generally susceptible, and children under 5 years old and elderly people over 65 years old are prone to serious complications, so they are also called high-risk groups of influenza.

symptom

After being infected with influenza virus, fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise are the main manifestations, and the body temperature can be as high as 39℃-40℃. Some children have cough, but it is not severe, and it can also be accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose and conjunctival congestion. Children infected with B-stream may have digestive tract symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. When the newborn is infected with influenza, it can be manifested as drowsiness, refusal to milk, apnea and so on.

Some mild children can get better on their own, and their fever gradually decreases after 3-4 days of onset, and their systemic symptoms get better, but it may take a long time for cough and physical recovery. Severe children may have serious complications such as pneumonia, myositis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy and septic shock.

suggestion

For children with persistent high fever for more than 3 days, or with symptoms such as dyspnea, poor spirit, chest pain and frequent vomiting, it is recommended to seek medical advice in time.

treat

The main treatment of influenza is antiviral therapy, and three drugs are often used in clinic: 1. Neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir, zanamivir, palamivir, etc., can prevent the virus from being released from host cells and have the effect of resisting influenza A and B; 2. Balofloxacin can inhibit the initiation of mRNA synthesis and prevent virus proliferation. It is effective for both influenza A and influenza B, and is suitable for children aged ≥5 years and weighing ≥20kg. 3. Adamantane drugs, which act on M2 protein of influenza A virus, can prevent the virus from replicating efficiently, but have no effect on influenza B virus. However, the strains of influenza A virus spread since 2009 are generally resistant to adamantane drugs and are not recommended.

prevent

The incubation period of influenza virus is 1-7 days, usually 2-4 days. Vaccination against influenza is the most effective means to prevent influenza, which can reduce the incidence of influenza and the risk of serious complications. High-risk groups with a history of contact with influenza virus can take drugs within 48 hours, such as taking oseltamivir or zanamivir (the dose is the same as the therapeutic dose, once a day for 7 days).

Respiratory syncytial virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important virus pathogen causing acute lower respiratory tract infection in children under 5 years old worldwide. In addition, it is also an important pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly and immunocompromised people. Respiratory syncytial virus can also cause upper respiratory tract infections such as rhinitis and colds in older children and adults.

symptom

The clinical manifestations of children infected with respiratory syncytial virus vary greatly. Children’s early respiratory syncytial virus infection is mostly confined to the upper respiratory tract, showing symptoms such as fever, stuffy nose, runny nose and cough. It can also develop into pneumonia, which is common in infants and children under 2 years old. It is characterized by cough, excessive phlegm, wheezing, dyspnea and feeding difficulties.

suggestion

Infants and young children are infected with respiratory syncytial virus, so it is suggested to check the etiology in time, and pay attention to the breathing situation of children. If they have difficulty breathing, wheezing and poor mental health, they should seek medical advice in time.

treat

At present, there is no specific drug for respiratory syncytial virus infection, and people with normal immune function are generally self-limited after infection, and do not need special treatment, which will rarely cause serious complications. The main treatment principle is symptomatic support treatment to relieve the symptoms of cough, wheezing and dyspnea in children. For children with lower respiratory tract infection, interferon antiviral therapy can be tried.

prevent

The incubation period of respiratory syncytial virus is 2-8 days, usually 4-6 days. At present, there is no respiratory syncytial virus vaccine for children. Palizumab is a specific antibody against respiratory syncytial virus, which can be used to prevent infection in high-risk groups, but it has not been introduced into domestic clinical application. Therefore, developing good hygiene habits is still the main means to avoid infection at present.

adenovirus

Adenovirus is a common virus of respiratory tract infection in children, and it is also one of the more serious types of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Acute infectious diseases caused by adenovirus easily invade respiratory tract and digestive tract mucosa, conjunctiva, urinary tract and lymph nodes, mainly manifested as acute upper respiratory tract infection, followed by eye and gastrointestinal tract infection. People are generally susceptible, especially children, and infants are prone to adenovirus pneumonia, with serious illness and high mortality.

symptom

Children infected with adenovirus often show high fever, and most of them have high fever above 39℃ at the beginning of the disease, which may be accompanied by cough and wheezing (wheezing is usually seen in infants aged 6 months to 2 years). Mild children’s body temperature can return to normal in about 7-11 days, and other symptoms will disappear; Severe children with high fever can last for 2-4 weeks, and dyspnea usually begins 3-5 days after illness, accompanied by symptoms of systemic poisoning, listlessness or irritability, irritability and even convulsions. Some children have diarrhea, vomiting, and even severe abdominal distension. A few children have conjunctival congestion and tonsil secretion.

suggestion

For children with adenovirus infection, besides observing their body temperature changes, they also need to observe their breathing conditions. If they have difficulty breathing, wheezing, poor spirits and frequent vomiting, they should seek medical advice in time.

treat

Similar to the situation of respiratory syncytial virus, there is no specific drug for adenovirus infection, and people with normal immune function are self-limited after being infected with adenovirus and do not need special treatment. In most cases, the treatment principle of adenovirus is symptomatic supportive treatment, mainly to relieve children’s discomfort such as high fever and cough. Children with serious complications need to be hospitalized in time.

prevent

The incubation period of adenovirus is generally 2-21 days, with an average of 3-8 days. Similarly, there is no vaccine to prevent adenovirus infection. The main preventive measure to avoid infection is still to develop good hygiene habits.

Physician’s explanation

Can I take medicine by myself after seeing the test results of mycoplasma?

At present, there are many methods to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in clinic, but sometimes the test results are false positive or false negative. Why?

1. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae nucleic acid

The specimen of this detection method is throat swab or nose swab, which can be used for RNA or DNA detection. RNA can be degraded with the death of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, so it can be used as an index to evaluate the infection, prognosis and drug efficacy of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. After the death of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, DNA can still exist in some patients for 7 weeks to 7 months, and it is not easy to degrade, so the DNA test results can not be used to evaluate the acute infection and treatment effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

2. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody
The specimen of this detection method is blood, and some hospitals can collect fingertip peripheral blood. IgM antibody is the most common detection method. Because this antibody generally starts to rise within 1 week of the initial infection, reaches the peak in 2-3 weeks, drops in 3-4 weeks, and drops to the lowest in 2-3 months, therefore, the positive antibody does not mean that the child currently has acute infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

In addition, some hospitals can detect PA (total antibody) in venous blood, and the serum antibody titer of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae is ≥1∶160 as the diagnostic standard of recent or acute infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, but the positive detection rate is also limited due to the time window limitation of antibody appearance.

To sum up, various detection methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the RNA detection with high accuracy is limited by the sampling method and the cooperation degree of children, and false negative can also occur; Although IgM antibody detection is convenient, its accuracy is not good. Therefore, parents should not judge by themselves when they see the relevant test results. They need to consult a doctor and listen to professional treatment advice.

As the weather becomes colder and colder, the human body will also react, for example, blood pressure may fluctuate. Therefore, besides wearing clothes to keep warm, we should also pay attention to the changes of blood pressure and beware of the "silent killer" of high blood pressure.

Hypertension will not only increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but also cause a series of serious health problems. Fortunately, hypertension can be effectively controlled through early monitoring and management. So, how to realize the early detection of hypertension and take appropriate management measures?

At least one in five adults has hypertension,

About 80% of patients failed to get adequate treatment.

In 2023, the World Health Organization released the Global Hypertension Report, which showed that the number of patients with hypertension in the world has doubled in the past 30 years, from 650 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2019. Among them, nearly half of patients with hypertension don’t know their own illness, and about 80% of patients have not been adequately treated. According to the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in China (Revised Edition in 2024)" issued by the China Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension, the weighted prevalence rate of hypertension among adults over 18 years old in China was 27.5% in 2018. It is equivalent to at least one hypertension in every five adults.

It is noteworthy that the prevalence of hypertension among young and middle-aged people is on the rise.Hypertension in young and middle-aged people is mostly "hidden" and has no obvious symptoms in the early stage. For them, early identification and management of hypertension is particularly important.

Hypertension is closely related to the complications of heart, brain, kidney and blood vessels, which can easily lead to a series of serious health problems. The guideline points out that there is a close causal relationship between the blood pressure level in the clinic and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and death.Every liter of systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or every liter of diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Besides cardiovascular risk, hypertension is also an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Elevated blood pressure is also closely related to dementia.

Effective prevention and control of hypertension is not only an important guarantee for individual health, but also an important measure to curb cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It has become a top priority to optimize the management and treatment of hypertension and improve the public awareness rate.

To control blood pressure, the first thing is to measure it regularly and find it early.

Do you know your blood pressure at different times? Blood pressure measurement is very important for blood pressure control. In the guideline, clinic blood pressure measurement is no longer the only means to diagnose and evaluate hypertension, and clinic blood pressure, family blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure level can all be used as the basis for hypertension diagnosis. Among them, ambulatory blood pressure has attracted more and more attention, especially in identifying hidden, white coat and nighttime hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has advantages, which can evaluate blood pressure risk more accurately and comprehensively. Ambulatory blood pressure values also provide doctors with the basis for making treatment plans.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring also plays an important role in the management and control of hypertension. By judging the blood pressure readings of the human body in different time periods and different living conditions, it can help the public to understand and master the laws and characteristics of their blood pressure fluctuations in time.

With the technological innovation in the industry, wearable blood pressure measuring equipment came into being. Compared with traditional electronic sphygmomanometer, wearable devices break through the limitation of blood pressure measurement environment to a certain extent, and users can monitor blood pressure anytime and anywhere, significantly increasing the number of blood pressure measurements.

"Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in China (Revised Edition, 2024)" mentioned that up to now, wearable wrist electronic sphygmomanometer and wristwatch with oscillometric technology have passed the accuracy verification and can be used for daily blood pressure monitoring.

Wang Jiguang, director of hypertension department of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.

On November 26th, 2024, Huawei watch d2 was unveiled, which is Huawei’s second-generation wrist ambulatory blood pressure recorder. It first supported ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and has obtained 7 global medical certifications. As a representative of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring equipment, Huawei watch d2 is light and thin, which can bring users a comfortable wearing experience and make daily blood pressure monitoring more portable.

Huawei watch d2 is equipped with Xuanji sensing system, and adopts blood pressure fusion algorithm and ultra-narrow mechanical airbag to realize medical-grade accurate ambulatory blood pressure measurement, and can generate ambulatory blood pressure report to show the user’s blood pressure data all day. At the same time, Huawei watch d2 has been adapted and adjusted by real user data to ensure that users can accurately measure blood pressure whether standing, sitting or semi-lying. When sleeping at night, the airbag automatically inflates and measures, and the pressure is stable, which is not limited by sleeping posture and does not affect the quality of sleep.

At the same time, users can also view family blood pressure health reports, timely reminders of abnormal blood pressure data and other health data at any time in the family space of HUAWEI Health app on the mobile phone, so as to protect family health remotely.

In addition to monitoring blood pressure,

And do these things well.

Lifestyle is a very important reason for the large number of patients with hypertension. Whether it is to prevent or manage hypertension, we should do the following things well.

0one

Low sodium diet

A low-sodium diet is good for controlling blood pressure. The guidelines point out that all patients with hypertension should take various measures to limit their sodium intake. Those with good renal function are recommended to choose low sodium and rich potassium instead of salt. The guideline makes it clear that compared with common salt, low sodium and rich potassium salt can significantly lower blood pressure, reduce stroke and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death.

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2023 found that a low-sodium diet can reduce systolic blood pressure. The researchers said in the paper that the effect is similar to that of commonly used first-line antihypertensive drugs.

02

Moderate exercise

The guide emphasizes that for hypertensive patients with well-controlled blood pressure, mixed training with aerobic exercise as the mainstay and resistance exercise as the supplement is recommended, and it is also recommended to combine breathing training with flexibility and stretching training.

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Hypertension in 2021 found that after walking for 3 months, most people’s blood pressure dropped by about 2-3 mm Hg. According to the researchers, for patients with hypertension, walking 4000-8000 steps a day can achieve ideal results in reducing hypertension.

0three

Regular schedule

The guide has added some suggestions about sleep in the intervention chapter of treating life style. Patients with hypertension should keep healthy sleep and improve sleep disorders. Healthy sleep includes adequate sleep time and good sleep quality. Shorter sleep time will increase the risk of hypertension, and insomnia is related to cardiovascular death and all-cause death.

It is recommended that adults sleep for 7-9 hours every night to ensure the quality of sleep and work and rest on time.

0four

Stay away from alcohol and tobacco

According to the guideline, smoking is recognized as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease and death, and the greater the smoking amount and the longer the smoking time, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Secondhand smoke exposure also increases cardiovascular risks such as coronary heart disease and stroke. In addition, the frequency of drinking increases, and the risk of hypertension will also increase.

0five

Managing stress

With the rapid development of social economy, the pace of life is accelerating, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and psychological pressure caused by various factors is gradually increasing. Patients with hypertension are more likely to have mental and psychological problems.

In short, regular monitoring of blood pressure and a good lifestyle can achieve the goal of stable blood pressure. Enjoy health every day!

Editor: Xi Yuxuan

Information: Health Times

* Please indicate the official WeChat from Yangpu, Shanghai.

ShangguanNo. Author: Shanghai Yangpu

　　CCTV News:According to WeChat official account, WeChat of Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, cyberspace is the common spiritual home of hundreds of millions of netizens.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the work of cyber security, and put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies on the governance of cyberspace, which has provided a fundamental follow-up and direction for the governance of cyberspace in the new era.

　　Strengthening network security supervision, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of netizens and making cyberspace clear have always been the direction of the network security department of public security organs across the country.

　　During the National Day holiday, the national public security organs resolutely implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, stuck to their posts, constantly strengthened online public inspections and law enforcement, paid close attention to network security supervision, severely cracked down on outstanding crimes, purified the network ecological environment, maintained online order and stability, and protected cyberspace security, effectively enhancing people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

　　◆ Great achievements and full efforts to maintain cyberspace security

　　Without network security, there is no national security.

　　In recent years, the network security department of public security organs across the country has standardized and orderly promoted related work through a series of effective measures, such as strengthening online public inspection and law enforcement, carrying out internet security supervision, guiding and supervising network security protection, and cracking down on the rectification of "network water army", and has achieved remarkable results, effectively safeguarding cyberspace security.

　　— — Since the launch of the online police patrol law enforcement account, we have continued to strengthen the construction of the network police’s regular public patrol law enforcement mechanism, comprehensively improve the online "seeing police rate", and educate and warn and stop a large number of network violations and bad behaviors according to law.

　　— — Continue to strengthen the source governance of network platforms, promote Internet security supervision and administrative law enforcement, rectify network application services with prominent illegal and harmful information and all kinds of network services used to commit illegal crimes according to law, and strictly investigate the enterprises involved in cybercrime cases for failing to fulfill their network security management obligations according to law.

　　— — On the basis of actively promoting the construction of network security level protection system, key information infrastructure protection system and data security protection system, guide and supervise network operators to implement the main responsibility; Intensify law enforcement inspection and special rectification, strengthen network security notification and early warning and incident handling, and continuously strengthen network security supervision and management.

　　— — Continue to carry out the "network water army" special crackdown and rectification, broaden the sources of clues, launch multiple cluster campaigns, and form a powerful shock; Actively cooperate with relevant authorities to investigate and deal with them according to law, punish companies and personnel who violate laws and regulations, and further squeeze the activity space of the "network water army".

　　In the next step, the network security department of public security organs across the country will continue to strengthen cooperation and cooperation with relevant departments and units in accordance with the working idea of "opening the way and promoting governance by cracking down", continue to promote comprehensive governance, and earnestly safeguard the network public opinion ecology, market economic order and the legitimate rights and interests of the broad masses of the people.

　　◆ Do your duty and stick to the front line of the network during the National Day holiday.

　　Network security is for people, and network security depends on people.

　　During the National Day holiday, in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of netizens, the network security department of the public security organs throughout the country insisted on keeping the soil and doing its duty, and always adhered to the front line of maintaining network security, fully guarding the clearness and tranquility of cyberspace.

　　Beijing network police constantly strengthen online inspection and law enforcement, stop the spread of illegal information in time, keep a close eye on suspicious information on the Internet, publicly refute false information, popularize network security knowledge, warn of network security risks, and "show a sword" to network illegal activities to effectively safeguard cyberspace security.

　　Jiangsu network police always stick to their posts, find and dispose of information about network crimes in time, deter and stop network crimes according to law, and strive to create a clear and orderly network environment for the majority of netizens to spend a peaceful and peaceful National Day holiday.

　　Shanghai Cyber Police stick to "7×24 hours" in cyberspace, deepen Internet security supervision, join hands with Internet companies to build a network security barrier, and spare no effort to protect network security and maintain network order.

　　Liaoning network police focus on important industries and fields such as public communication and information services, pay close attention to security protection, perceive the risk of network security threats in an all-weather, all-round and regular manner, respond to network security incidents in a timely manner, and build a strong network security defense line.

　　Perseverance, for a long time.

　　The cyber security departments of public security organs all over the country always put people’s interests first, performed their duties conscientiously, cracked down on all kinds of cyber crimes, responded to the concerns of netizens, increased the publicity of cyber security, actively guided netizens to jointly create a clean and tidy cyberspace, and greeted the party’s twentieth victory with practical actions.

　　◆ Warm heart tips remind netizens to surf the Internet safely during holidays.

　　During the National Day holiday, the network security department of the public security organs throughout the country also issued a series of warm-hearted tips to remind netizens to surf the Internet safely, further improve their awareness of network security, create a good atmosphere for civilized Internet access, and build a network security defense line together.

　　— — Don’t believe in scams such as low prices and returning changes. Criminals generally promise to purchase discounted air tickets and obtain customers’ personal identity information, and then use various means to urge customers to pay the purchase money into the designated account. Once the payment is successful, they will fabricate reasons such as "flight delay" and "aircraft mechanical failure" to refuse to pay the air tickets, and the majority of netizens will choose regular airlines to purchase tickets during holidays; During the period of prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation, criminals often use the pretext that the epidemic situation has affected the train stop to "refund and change the ticket", push the short message of refund and change the link, guide the victim to fill in personal information such as name, ID card, bank card and verification code in the link, and then implement fund theft. The majority of netizens should pay attention to correctly identifying the official information of the railway department and not clicking unfamiliar links.

　　— — Beware of "unknown" bar codes and WiFi signals when traveling. During holidays, many public places and scenic spots provide free WiFi signals to tourists. These free WiFi signals are easily used by criminals, and then invade tourists’ mobile phone systems through the network. The majority of netizens should use WiFi signals in public places carefully; When traveling during holidays, the usage of QR codes has surged. It is easy to hide dangerous websites or mobile phone viruses in "unfamiliar" QR codes, which can easily steal user information and even threaten users’ property safety. The majority of netizens should carefully scan "unfamiliar" QR codes.

　　— — Don’t shop on "fake" websites. During the holidays, many people will choose to shop online, and phishing websites are also beginning to stir. Once users click on the "fictional" website link, they are likely to be infected with viruses, and their online banking accounts and passwords will be at risk of being stolen. The majority of netizens should choose shopping websites or apps with certification marks to buy items.

　　— — Enterprises should beware of "technology" attacks. With the holiday holidays of major enterprises and institutions, it is inevitable that there will be a lack of network security guards and weakened protection measures. If hacked, it will face the risk of data being stolen and services being destroyed. All units should shut down or shut down unnecessary systems and services, power off unused computers, and turn on anti-virus and anti-intrusion security reinforcement for servers.

　　The network security department of the national public security organ reminded that once it is illegally infringed, it is necessary to take screenshots in time, keep relevant evidence in time, and call the police for help in time.

"The Big Bang Theory" and "Friends" starred in the same box.

　 　 1905 movie network news On January 25th, kaley cuoco, the leading actor, took a photo of five leading actors and four leading actors in The Big Bang Theory on social networking sites. As soon as this photo came out, it immediately aroused a wave among Chinese and foreign netizens, and everyone was saying "I’ve seen it for a long time".

　 　 The nine actors in the photo include Rachel Jennifer Aniston, Monica courtney cox, Phoebe lisa kudrow, Joey matt leblanc and Ross david schwimmer in Friends. And "Sheldon" Jim Parsons, "Penny" kaley cuoco, "Howard" simon helberg and "Leonard" Johnny Galecki in The Big Bang Theory. Although "Chandler" matthew perry didn’t attend the rehearsal in London, and "Raj" Kunal Nayyar regretted not showing up, the combination of nine leading actors in two classic dramas was enough to make netizens excited.

The Friends Six in those days.

Several protagonists in The Big Bang Theory

　 　 Among them, many netizens said that "I have lived for a long time in my lifetime", "I was young that year", "I really want to cry", "My Rachel is frozen, still beautiful, still handsome" and "my dream comes true, I hope that one day the two favorite celestial groups can meet, and it really appears, Jennifer is still the most beautiful, Joey is old, and Chandler is missing … Sorry. . Time flies and my heart remains the same. "

　 　 As for why the actors of the two classic series have this historic frame, it is actually because James Bros, the director of Friends and The Big Bang Theory, has directed more than 1,000 episodes of American TV series, and NBC will shoot a "Celebration Special of Directing 1,000 episodes" to celebrate his achievements. The leading actors of many series, including Friends and The Big Bang Theory, will gather to participate in the performance, which is the reason for everyone to get together. And this "photo of the century", which excites everyone, is also being filmed at a dinner to celebrate James Bross’s 1000 episodes of American TV series.

James Bross

　 　 Now 75-year-old James Bross has directed Friends, The Big Bang Theory, Will and Grace, and so on, including the memorable first episode of Friends.

　　Cctv news(News broadcast): The Chairman of the Supreme Leader attended the G-20 leaders’ special summit on coping with COVID-19 in Beijing and delivered an important speech entitled "Fighting the epidemic together to overcome the difficulties". Adhering to the concept of the community of human destiny and combining with the practical experience of China in fighting the epidemic, he put forward four initiatives on strengthening international cooperation in epidemic prevention and control and stabilizing the world economy, which conveyed strong confidence in the global fight against the epidemic and triggered enthusiastic responses at home and abroad.

　　In his speech, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the epidemic is spreading all over the world, and what the international community needs most is firm confidence, Qi Xin’s concerted efforts and United response, so as to win the human struggle against major infectious diseases. President Xi proposed that the global war of prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic should be firmly fought, and international joint prevention and control should be effectively carried out. The leaders of many countries attending the meeting fully recognized this.

　　French President Macron pointed out in his speech that, as the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said, the international community needs to respond in unity and strengthen coordination. In this situation, we need global solidarity.

　　In his speech, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader emphasized that China is willing to share the beneficial practices of prevention and control with other countries, carry out joint research and development of drugs and vaccines, and provide assistance to countries where the epidemic has spread. This move has been widely praised by the international community.

　　The Lancet, an authoritative international medical journal, called on the international community to respond to the epidemic in the spirit of unity and cooperation in an editorial entitled "Learning Experience" on 27th, and emphasized the importance of learning from China’s experience.

　　At present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control in China continues to improve, and the order of production and life has been accelerated. However, the global epidemic situation is accelerating and spreading, and the growth of world economy and trade has been seriously affected. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader proposed to actively support the role of international organizations and strengthen the coordination of international macroeconomic policies. He also called on G20 members to take joint measures to reduce tariffs, remove barriers and smooth trade. This pragmatic initiative is of great significance.

　　In August 2018, half a month before the National Education Conference, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of "new liberal arts" in the document that "higher education should strive to develop new engineering, new medicine, new agricultural science and new liberal arts". In 2019, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology and other 13 departments jointly launched the "Six Excellence-Top-notch" plan 2.0. As one of the "Four Innovations" construction, "New Liberal Arts" entered the formal implementation stage from concept. "New liberal arts" has also attracted extensive attention from academic circles and other social circles, and has become a hot topic in recent years.
　　Some scholars will think that the concept of "new liberal arts" originated from the United States. The landmark event is that Hiram College in the United States comprehensively revised the training program in 2017, reorganized 29 majors, and integrated new technologies into traditional courses such as philosophy, literature and language to provide students with comprehensive interdisciplinary learning. The reason behind this change lies in the decline of liberal arts under the situation of the rise of applied disciplines, which leads to the survival crisis of liberal arts teachers or colleges.
　　However, it is obvious that such a concept of new liberal arts obviously cannot cover the connotation of "new liberal arts" proposed by contemporary China. As we all know, our government has repeatedly pointed out that mankind is in a "great change that has never happened in a hundred years." The magnitude of this change covers all aspects of human life. And education is one of the core points in this great change. In a sense, only when education adapts, adapts and perfectly responds to this great change can human society eliminate the uncertainty in the change, realize the phoenix nirvana of human civilization, and go up a step.
　　This "great change in a hundred years" is simply that the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and society has undergone tremendous changes. Before industrial civilization, human beings were an appendage of nature, or at least, human initiative could not cause fatal harm to nature. In the hundreds of years after the industrial revolution, the intervention of science and technology has made human beings increasingly reactive to nature. Today, the survival of human beings and the survival of nature even show a trend of changing. It is estimated that the pollution caused by technological changes since World War II accounts for 80% of all global pollution at present. Biologists have issued a warning that shocked the whole world: 5000 species of animals will be extinct in the world in a short time. But at the same time, it almost made the same sound: in the first half of this century, one mammal was extinct every five years, and in the second half of this century, it has accelerated to every two years.one kindExtinction These ecological changes are the result of modernization in recent centuries. Modernization not only destroys the sustainable natural economy of human beings, but also breaks all kinds of restrained values, lifestyles and cultural traditions, making all kinds of development completely out of control. The subversive influence on human beings and the whole biosphere mainly comes from the past 500 years, that is, the 500 years when western values expanded to the world and gained world dominance. Compared with nearly 6,000 years of human civilization, 500 years is only 8% of the time, but it is the population explosion and environmental damage caused by this short period of 500 years that have broken the balance between man and nature, changed the circulation mode of biosphere and the natural process of human beings, and all this is contrary to the overall experience of human beings.

　　This is undoubtedly sad, ridiculous and must be changed.
　　At the same time, the contradiction between people and society has entered the deep water period. The contradiction between people and society is essentially the contradiction between people. In the past period of human history, people exploited people and even enslaved people in many areas, which was a long-term historical process. The only difference between them is the evolution of exploitation forms: from cruel slavery to tender capitalism. Marxism once predicted the demise of capitalism, which is undoubtedly a great judgment. However, as mentioned earlier, after the industrial revolution, the rapid improvement of productivity eased the contradiction between the exploiters and the exploited by "making the cake bigger" and gradually increasing everyone’s absolute gain. But the essence of this relief is to treat the symptoms rather than the root cause. The essence of this relief is that the development of the exploited person’s mental level lags behind that of the exploiters. In the era of knowledge monopoly, this difference in mental level development can be obtained stably through system design. But in the post-modern society and the era of knowledge economy, it is almost impossible to monopolize knowledge. The difference between the mental level of the exploiters and the exploited is being leveled at an unprecedented speed. This change will inevitably have a fundamental impact on the social system of exploitation pursued by these regions for a long time. In today’s society, the profound roots behind trade frictions, regional conflicts and ethnic disputes are all the same. In particular, it is worth mentioning that the above-mentioned crisis between man and nature has made the usual expedient measure of "making a big cake" increasingly ineffective, which makes this impact inevitable.When contradictory parties cannot make peace in a peaceful way, the consequences of this impact will be fatal to all mankind.
　　In a word, it is unprecedented and urgent for human beings to resolve the above two fundamental crises through their own evolution. Education is an important way to get through the crisis.

　　However, the western-style "subject education" that has been formed all over the world since the industrial revolution cannot undertake such a task at all. This is because the traditional western-style subject education belongs to atomism in world view and mechanical reductionism in methodology. The advantage of this kind of education is that it can produce "experts" in specific fields in batches in the shortest time. In essence, this kind of cultivation mode is matched with the large-scale industrial production of machines in the early stage of industrial civilization. This is because in the early stage of human industrial civilization, the problems faced by human society are often relatively simple and linear. However, the shortcomings of this "divided education" are also obvious. The more in-depth the subject education, the more learners will fall into the so-called "knowing but seeing obstacles" of China Buddhists, that is, the accumulation of knowledge and the expansion of the "ignorance" boundary show a positive correlation. Zhi Nuo, a western philosopher, once made a vivid analogy: he drew a circle, inside which is the knowledge he has mastered, and outside which is the boundless unknown world. The more knowledge, the bigger the circle, and the longer the circumference, so that the contact surface between its edge and the outside world is also larger, so the unknown part is of course more.

　　At the same time, mankind has entered the post-industrial era, and the problems faced by mankind are increasingly complex. Interstellar travel, ecological sustainable development and even human genome, etc., from macro to meso to micro, are all nonlinear and complex issues. These complex problems we face urgently require us to integrate the past cognition of human beings. This integration is not a simple addition or a simple combination, but a holistic and organic perspective to examine any seemingly independent problem. Only in this way can we prevent the "butterfly effect" in the development of human civilization, so that the long embankment of human civilization will not end up being "destroyed by the ant nest".

　　At this critical juncture, education must bear such a task. But the question is, what kind of education can carry such a great task?
　　Such education must be based on a holistic world view. Because only by establishing a world outlook based on holism can we get out of the situation of "looking at the mountain side as a peak, and the distance is different" in the past, and change into the pattern of "meeting the extreme and the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky."; Such education must be based on the methodology of "harmony between man and nature". Because only by "harmony between man and nature" can we have an organic and sensitive comprehensive sensitivity between man and nature, between man and society, and between problems. This sensitivity will enable us to maintain the coordination between the local and the whole when dealing with any problem; This sensitivity allows us to find the breakthrough point of "opening our eyes to the outside world" in balancing the complicated relationship.
　　This is the "stratified education" bred by Chinese civilization for thousands of years. The so-called "hierarchical education" is to divide human cognitive activities into three relative levels: Tao, image and device. The cognition based on "qi" is similar to the current sub-discipline education, which explores "the principle of one thing and one thing". The disadvantage of this kind of education is that the cognition of regularity is limited to a specific problem or field. The advantage of this kind of education is that it does not require high talent and understanding of scholars. This was a craftsman-level study and practice in ancient China. Image-based cognition is more obvious than the former, and it explores "the theory of a class of problems", that is, complicated specific problems may belong to the same big class, and image-based education is to explore what the common laws behind this big class of problems are. Undoubtedly, the talents trained by such education will have wider applicability; The cognition based on Tao is the study and practice of exploring the common law behind everything. This level of learning requires extremely high comprehensive quality of scholars, but the talents trained by this kind of education will undoubtedly have overall awareness, peak perspective and strong practical ability. And such talented people are undoubtedly the best solution to the overall problems we are facing.
　　In other words, the new liberal arts is to upgrade the past flat "subject education" to a three-dimensional "layered education", realize the full use of talents in the true sense, and integrate human wisdom into an organic whole, thus confronting and solving our common crisis.
　　We have gone through the course of "making foreign things serve China" for more than 100 years from saving the nation from extinction and learning from the west in the late Qing Dynasty. Now, we should learn the wisdom precipitated by thousands of years of ancient civilization, let the deep-rooted Chinese civilization trees blossom new flowers, and "make the past serve the present" to solve the common problems faced by the whole mankind.
　　What is the new liberal arts? There is a saying in the predecessors: "Hard and soft rub against each other, which is called astronomy; Civilization is called humanity. It is related to astronomy to observe the changes of time, and it is related to the fact that humanity has turned into the world. " At this time of great change that has never happened in a hundred years, we need to "move against the Tao." From the path of "human culture" of the sages, from the device to the Tao, back to the peak perspective of human cognition, from the holistic level to explore the fundamental solutions to many problems. This is the intention of new liberal arts and even new engineering, new agricultural science and new medical science.

　　China Youth Network Beijing, March 8 th(Reporter Wu Chu, Lu Guanqiong, Zhang Linglin) General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once said that if our descendants can’t strengthen their ideals and beliefs, adhere to Socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the leadership of the party, and take over our class, which will lead to the country changing its flag, then what’s the point of our struggle today? "This words too well, this is ‘ The question of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s career successor ’ 。” On March 6th, Han Qingxiang, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Central Party School Committee and a first-class professor, said in an exclusive interview with a reporter from China Youth Network that it is extremely important to do a good job in guiding young people’s thoughts, and we must lead young people to listen to and follow the Party.

　　"The question of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s successors is what the General Secretary said from the heart with the eyes of Marxist politicians and strategists and according to his own growth experience and experience. After listening to this, I felt that these words came to my heart. Isn’t everything that our Party and people are striving for just to realize the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics? Is it not to make the country strong, revitalize the nation and make the people happy? The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a political party with aspiration, mission, responsibility and strategic vision. Follow communist party and you will get brighter and brighter. " Han Qingxiang said.

　　The weapons of thought are more powerful than swords and spears.

　　Han Qingxiang’s academic research has always been closely linked with the development of the party and the country. From philosophy to humanism, from humanism to the study of ability, from the study of ability to the study of China, from the study of China to the study of Socialism with Chinese characteristics thought of the supreme leader in the new era, he has been committed to building the discourse system of China Theory and China’s philosophy and social sciences.

　　"This is a very complicated scientific research labor." He said, "At present, in our whole society, many people pay more attention to the object level and the system level, but not enough attention to the theoretical construction, theoretical construction and discourse system construction."

　　Napoleon of France once said: There are two forces in the world, one is the sword and the other is the thought, but in the final analysis, the sword and the gun will always be defeated by the thought.

　　"A general with a sword and gun actually thinks that a sword and gun is not as important as thought — — How much he values the power of thought! That’s true. In the revolutionary war years, the Kuomintang army was numerous, and planes increased their guns, while the army led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) was millet and rifles, with fewer personnel. But why did the army led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) later defeat the Kuomintang? " Han Qingxiang said, "One of the important reasons is the use of Mao Zedong Thought, which is the power of thought. From 1978 to today, we have made such great achievements because of good guiding ideology. The disintegration of the Soviet Union in that year began to a great extent with the disintegration of ideas. Therefore, we must realize the power of thought. Once thought is mastered by the people, it can also become a powerful material force. Now, under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will lead the Chinese nation to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream. "

　　Building spiritual order is helpful to build a good social order.

　　Han Qingxiang said that the younger generation has many advantages, such as being easy to accept new things, having a high level of foreign language, not being rigid in thinking, pursuing individual independence and so on, but it also has limitations.

　　"Our young post-80s and post-90s grew up from the background of reform and opening up. In the early days of reform and opening up, our country mainly solved the problem of backward social production. Make the cake bigger and catch up with the west. " Han Qingxiang said, "The big cake is mainly to solve the problem of material wealth accumulation. This also makes some of our young students and young people pay more attention to material things, while the pursuit of spirit will be relatively ignored. In the process of catching up with the West, some of our young people focus on the West and are easy to accept western culture, but they are not familiar with our traditional culture in China and even lack national feelings. Some young people don’t know much about the realistic logic of China’s development and the China issue, and they don’t know much about our party’s innovative theory. Therefore, in this sense, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and cultivation of the younger generation while affirming the advantages of young people, so that they can understand the importance of ideological strength, theoretical strength and spiritual strength. "

　　For example, Han Qingxiang said that Confucius, an ancient thinker in China, put forward ten words — — "Benevolence, courtesy, wisdom and trust, gentleness, courtesy and frugality". These ten words are mainly used to construct everyone’s inner spiritual order. If the spiritual order is constructed and externalized, a benign social development order can be constructed. "But now some people, including some of our young people, have not fully constructed the order of the inner spiritual world, and sometimes feel at a loss. This will lead to deviations in behavior. From this perspective, it is very important to attach importance to spirit, thought, theory and the construction of spiritual world. "

　　Teachers of ideological and political courses must be hard-working themselves while playing the iron.

　　How to answer such a grand proposition as "the question of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s successors"?

　　Han Qingxiang believes that young people should be guided to organically combine their lofty ideals with their current goals, and long-term goals should be transformed into goals in each stage according to the stages of social and historical development.

　　"At this stage, this goal has been achieved, entering another stage, and then achieving the goal of another stage. Ultimately achieve great goals. " He said that down-to-earth, breaking down big goals into small goals and realizing them step by step will achieve big goals.

　　The ideological and political course in colleges and universities is a very important starting point to lead the youth’s thoughts. In the new era, how should we have a good ideological and political course in universities?

　　Han Qingxiang made an interesting point: Teachers of ideological and political courses must be hard-working while they are working while the iron is hot.

　　"Whether the ideological and political course is good or not depends on the teacher himself. If I have enthusiasm for the teaching of ideological and political courses, have a profound theoretical foundation, understand the relevant history and reality, have a good grasp of what young students think, and have a superb teaching art and a sense of problems, then the teacher will definitely be able to give this course a good talk, talking about the hearts of students and talking about the hearts of students. " Han Qingxiang said, "While the iron is hot, we must be hard. The ideological and political course is a piece of iron. To lay this iron well, teachers are the main body, and teachers themselves must be hard, hard in politics, hard in faith, hard in spirit, hard in ability, hard in style of study, hard in teaching art, hard in simple terms, hard in grasping students’ thoughts and thoughts. There are many such teachers in the country. They have high literacy, enthusiasm for work and the spirit of exploration and innovation. Some of our students also like ideological and political courses very much. "

　　He believes that there should be a "revolution" in the ideological and political course, and the ideological and political course should be changed from the so-called "boring" to a course that teachers are willing to teach and students are willing to listen, with better results. "

　　Marxism can take root, blossom and carry forward in China.

　　This year marks the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth. Why can the spark of Marxism only be in single spark can start a prairie fire like China and lead the world with Marxism in the 21st century?

　　Han Qingxiang believes that the key reason why Marxism can take root, blossom, bear fruit and carry forward in China is that Marxist theory has truth, morality and humanity.

　　"The truth of Marxism lies in that it reveals the general law of the development of human society, and this law is the law of the contradictory movement between productivity and production relations, economic base and superstructure." Han Qingxiang pointed out, "In the final analysis, this law is at work in the reform we are carrying out today. This law is the basis of our reform. That is to say, our relations of production are not completely suitable for the development of productive forces in some aspects, and our superstructure also restricts the development of productive forces in some aspects. This kind of unsuitability and restriction makes our economy and society lack innovation vitality and some harmony, balance and stability in a certain sense, so it must be governed. One of the effective ways of contemporary governance is reform. Therefore, our reform today follows the general law of human social development revealed by Marx. "

　　"Marxism is moral. It wants to liberate the proletariat, then liberate all mankind, and finally realize the free and all-round development of everyone. Don’t we in communist party emphasize serving the people wholeheartedly and taking the people as the center? The people’s longing for a better life is our goal. " Han Qingxiang said, "Marxism is also human. It is a theory facing the whole world, and it wants to solve the problems of all mankind — — The Communist Party of China (CPC) not only wants to solve the China issue, but also contributes China’s wisdom and China Theory to solving human problems. "