On New Year’s Eve, the Supreme Leader delivered a New Year message in 2024 through the Central Radio and Television General Station and the Internet.

On the occasion of bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new year, a voice reaching to people’s hearts spread all over the world from Beijing.

On the evening of December 31st, 2023, the Supreme Leader of president delivered a New Year message in Beijing in 2024. This is the 11th time that he delivered a New Year message as president, and people’s feelings are permeated between the lines.

From athletes who made great achievements in Chengdu Universiade and Hangzhou Asian Games, to "hardworking farmers", "hardworking workers", "enterprising entrepreneurs" and "soldiers who defend their country", to people who sweat from all walks of life … … All in the deep mourning of the supreme leader chairman.

Through the TV screen, a "new" photo on the bookshelf behind the Chairman of the Supreme Leader attracted people’s attention.

The photo recorded a historic moment on March 10th, 2023. At the Great Hall of the People, president was unanimously elected as the supreme leader of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. He pressed the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) with his left hand, raised his fist with his right hand, and solemnly swore an oath to nearly 3,000 NPC deputies.

On March 10, 2023, the supreme leader took the constitutional oath.

Looking back, from the publication of the New Year message in 2019 to the publication of the New Year message in 2023, photos of the supreme leader when he took the constitutional oath for the first time in March 2018 have been placed on the bookshelf. The theme of this "unchanged" photo is clank oath — — I will lose myself and live up to the people. This is also the lifelong belief of the supreme leader.

"Our goal is grand and simple. In the final analysis, it is to let the people live a better life." This sentence in the New Year message in 2024 is what he cares about and what he does.

This scene in 2023, people are deeply impressed — —

In May, he went to Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province to host China — On the way to the Central Asia Summit, the special train of the Supreme Leader Chairman stopped at Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, and he "squeezed" time to carry out investigation and research in his busy schedule.

In June, a trip to Inner Mongolia. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader asked in detail on the ridge whether the land transfer contract would benefit farmers, and wondered in the sand whether the development of photovoltaic industry could achieve a win-win situation for multiple economies.

In July, in the first listed company in science and technology innovation board, China, the young faces made the Chairman of the Supreme Leader very pleased, and he encouraged everyone to "seize the historical opportunity".

In September, I visited the affected people in Longwangmiao Village, Heilongjiang Province. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader was concerned: "Can the house be done well before winter?" Hurry up and repair it, can ordinary people be frozen in winter? "

In October, Shimen Village, Jiangxi Province. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader told the villagers: "Chinese modernization requires both urban modernization and agricultural and rural modernization. I am very concerned about rural revitalization. "

… … … …

Wherever the Chairman of the Supreme Leader goes, he must go deep into the most basic enterprises, communities and ordinary people’s homes to see the real living conditions of ordinary people on the spot. For the happiness of the people, he has been longing for it all night and spared no effort to achieve it.

On October 10, 2023, when the Supreme Leader visited the Jiujiang section of the Yangtze National Cultural Park, he walked along the embankment in the rain to see the coastal scenery.

On the way forward, it is normal to have wind and rain.

"Some enterprises are facing operational pressure, some people have difficulties in employment and life, and natural disasters such as floods, typhoons and earthquakes have occurred in some places. I am concerned about these." This constant concern has been lingering in the mind of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader and also appeared in the New Year message in 2024.

Walking from the yellow land, from the party branch secretary of the brigade to the top leaders of the party and the state, the top leaders know the national conditions, social conditions and people’s feelings, and deeply understand the people’s hearts. In this New Year message, he said in a warm, peaceful and firm tone — —

"The upbringing and education of children, the employment of young people, and the medical care for the elderly are family affairs and state affairs. Everyone should work together to do these things well."

"Now, the social rhythm is very fast, everyone is very busy, and the pressure of work and life is great. We must create a warm and harmonious social atmosphere, expand the inclusive and active innovation space, and create convenient and comfortable living conditions, so that everyone can have a happy mood, make their lives brilliant and make their dreams come true. "

… … … …

What the people think and expect is in the heart of the supreme leader, the chairman. He thinks that we are here, turning people’s expectations into fiery actions and people’s hopes into reality of life.

On the morning of May 23rd, 2023, the wind turbine in Huhe Racecourse, Wulanhaote City, Xing ‘an League, Inner Mongolia was photographed.

Today’s China is magnificent, heroic and promising.

From "China’s economy has strengthened its physique and bones in the storm", to "China is struggling to climb with the spirit of self-improvement, and there are ever-changing creations everywhere", and then to "China not only develops itself, but also actively embraces the world and assumes the responsibility of a big country" … … Through the New Year greetings, the world saw "a vibrant and steaming China". The Chairman of the Supreme Leader concluded that the pace of this year has been "very solid", "very powerful", "very impressive" and "very emboldened".

In the mind of the Supreme Leader, the people are the creators of history and the people are the real heroes. In his New Year message, he sincerely praised the people again and again — —

"I am deeply touched that everyone is not afraid of the wind and rain, watching and helping each other, facing challenges and tackling difficulties."

"People from all walks of life are sweating."

"Every ordinary person has made extraordinary contributions."

"The people will always be our greatest reliance to overcome all difficulties and challenges."

… … … …

From the people, for the people, and relying on the people.

Say goodbye to the extraordinary 2023 and usher in the hopeful 2024.

　　The COVID-19 epidemic is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the widest infection range and the most difficult prevention and control in China since the founding of New China. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has always put people’s life safety and physical health first, and comprehensively strengthened centralized and unified leadership over epidemic prevention and control. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally commanded and deployed, scientifically judged the epidemic situation, and took practical and effective measures, forming a strategic pattern of comprehensive mobilization, comprehensive deployment and comprehensive prevention and control of the epidemic. At present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control is expanding, which once again shows the remarkable advantages of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s system. On February 14th, at the 12th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important arrangements for improving the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and the national public health emergency management system, demanding to sum up experience and learn lessons, innovate and improve major epidemic prevention and control measures from the system and mechanism, improve the national public health emergency management system, and improve the ability to respond to major public health emergencies. On February 23rd, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the deployment meeting to promote the prevention and control of epidemic situation and economic and social development in COVID-19 as a whole, and once again made arrangements for improving the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and the public health emergency management system. These important expositions of the General Secretary not only pointed out the direction for winning the people’s war, the general war and the blocking war of epidemic prevention and control, but also provided scientific guidance for doing a good job in health and health work in the new era.

　　The practical significance and far-reaching influence of perfecting the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and the national public health emergency management system.

　　This is an urgent need to ensure people’s life safety and health.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is an important task for our party to govern the country to ensure the safety and health of the people. With the development of human society, the risk of major epidemics such as infectious diseases has never really gone away. In the past 30 years, there have been more than 40 kinds of emerging infectious diseases in the world, and they are developing with the trend of one new infectious disease every year. They have become the key and difficult areas of global public health because of their wide spread, rapid spread and great social harm. At present, China’s economic and social development has entered a new era, and the epidemic and spread characteristics of infectious diseases have also undergone new changes. The old and new problems are intertwined with difficult problems, and the prevention and control situation is complicated and the prevention and control is more difficult. The system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and the national public health emergency management system are the "protective net" and "separation wall" to ensure public health safety and safeguard people’s health. They must be tightly woven and firmly built.

　　This is an important measure to prevent and resolve major risks and challenges and safeguard national security.At present, China’s overall situation is improving, and it is closer, more confident and capable of achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history. "It’s more urgent for a ship to wander in the middle, and it’s steeper for a person to reach the middle of the mountain." The more it is at this time, the more anxious it is to be prepared for danger in times of peace. Sudden acute infectious diseases spread rapidly and do great harm. If they are mishandled and mishandled, they will not only seriously affect people’s daily lives, but also cause people’s panic and social instability, and dispel the achievements of economic and social construction for many years. In accordance with the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, we must improve the system and mechanism, adhere to the bottom line thinking, always guard against major risks in the field of health, pay close attention to major risks in the overall situation, strengthen the construction of public health teams and grass-roots prevention and control capabilities, promote the combination of medical care and prevention, and truly solve the problem at the bud and before the disaster.

　　This is an inevitable requirement for improving the national governance system and enhancing the national governance capacity.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic is a big test of the country’s governance system and governance capacity. The epidemic situation of major infectious diseases directly affects the overall stability of economic and social development, seriously affects the opening up and national security, and its impact and harmfulness are enormous. Perfecting the public health service system and doing a good job in the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the response to public health emergencies are not only medical and health problems, but also the proper meaning of providing institutional guarantee for improving people’s health.

　　Grasp the overall requirements of improving the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and improving the national public health emergency management system.

　　After winning the fight against SARS in 2003, the party and the state attached great importance to the construction of public health service system, laws and regulations on public health and prevention of infectious diseases were constantly improved, the disease prevention and control system was basically completed, and the health emergency management system and plan system were gradually established, which together with the three-level medical service system formed the two pillars of China’s medical and health system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made strengthening public health and epidemic prevention and control of major infectious diseases an important part of protecting people’s life safety and physical health, and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. It has further promoted the construction of a healthy China and the patriotic health campaign, and the construction of the public health service system has developed steadily. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we successfully prevented and responded to the sudden epidemic situations such as influenza A (H1N1), H7N9 and Ebola hemorrhagic fever in West Africa, and organized and carried out a series of emergency medical rescue effectively, orderly and effectively, which was widely praised by the international community.

　　However, we must be soberly aware that in the process of responding to the sudden epidemic in COVID-19, we have exposed obvious shortcomings and deficiencies in China’s major epidemic prevention and control system and public health emergency management system, which are incompatible with the requirements of effectively responding to the complex and ever-changing public health security situation, the objectives and tasks of building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting high-quality economic and social development, and the requirements of ensuring people’s life safety and physical health to the maximum extent. For example, the legal system of public health needs to be improved, the relevant legislation and supporting systems for the prevention and control of major epidemics are not complete, the emergency response mechanism for major public health emergencies needs to be improved, and the operability and pertinence of relevant emergency plans need to be enhanced. In some places, the tendency of attaching importance to emergency and neglecting prevention has not been reversed, the investment of infectious disease medical institutions at all levels is relatively insufficient, and the strategic reserves of medical materials are insufficient. Disease control institutions at all levels generally have problems such as weak ability, ineffective mechanism and insufficient motivation. In some areas, the infrastructure construction of grass-roots prevention and control institutions lags behind, and the brain drain of public health talents is more serious. The working mode and mechanism of close integration, continuous service and effective connection between medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions have yet to be established. The transformation ability of scientific and technological innovations in public health and disease prevention and control is insufficient, the independent research and development ability of some major disease treatment drugs is still quite weak, the channels for data sharing and transformation and application are not smooth enough, and the synergy between scientific research, disease control and clinical treatment is not enough. The publicity and education to deal with emergencies are not deep enough, and the people lack the knowledge and means to effectively prevent them.It is easy to panic. In the new media era, the public opinion response mechanism and ability of government departments in sudden major events are facing a major test.

On February 24, 2020, the work scene of the first department of critical care medicine in Huoshenshan Hospital. People’s picture Wang Yuyu/photo

　　General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important speech at the 12th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform made clear the general principles, key ideas and important measures for improving the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and the national public health emergency management system. Guided by the overall national security concept, we should take public health safety as an important part of national security from the height of national strategy, take the prevention and control of major epidemics as an important task for the country to prevent and resolve major risks, take the public health emergency management capability as an important part of the national governance system and governance capacity, always be cautious and keen to see Ye Zhiqiu, adhere to the bottom line thinking, closely follow, be highly vigilant, always guard against major risks in the health field, pay close attention to overall major risks, and put forward opinions and suggestions as soon as possible.

　　Strengthen and improve the mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control, and improve the national public health emergency management system.

　　At present, the party group of the National Health and Wellness Commission resolutely implements the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on promoting epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development as a whole, and in accordance with the general requirements of "strengthening confidence, helping each other in the same boat, scientific prevention and control, and precise policy", puts all the efforts of the whole system into epidemic prevention and control, races against time, competes with the disease, and resolutely wins the epidemic prevention and control war. At the same time, seriously study and implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, focus on the major issues of improving the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and improving the national public health emergency management system, deeply reflect, strengthen research, sum up the practical experience of epidemic prevention and control, systematically sort out the weaknesses in all aspects of epidemic prevention and control, and pay close attention to filling the shortcomings of the system.

　　Clear the basic connotation.The national public health emergency management system is an important part of the national emergency management system, which bears the important responsibility of preventing, controlling, dissolving and eliminating the harm of public health events. Perfecting the national public health emergency management system is a reform task with strong integrity, systematicness and coordination. It is necessary to reform and improve the disease prevention and control system and medical treatment and rescue system, as well as to make overall plans for all aspects of public health emergency prevention and emergency preparation, monitoring and early warning, emergency treatment and rescue, post-event recovery and material support. It is necessary to strengthen system construction, and make efforts to straighten out the relationship and strengthen management from the institutional mechanism level. Among them, major epidemics such as major infectious diseases and group diseases with unknown causes are the most important public health emergencies, and improving the system and mechanism of prevention and control of major epidemics is an important support for improving the public health emergency management system.

　　Strengthen the two constructions.Governing the country according to law is the basic national policy of our country, and administration according to law is the basic function of the government. Perfecting the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control and improving the national public health emergency management system must be promoted in accordance with the law, norms and order.

　　Strengthen the construction of public health laws, regulations and plans. The Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion Law, the first basic and comprehensive law in China’s health field, will be implemented on June 1 this year. We should take this opportunity to promote the revision of laws and regulations such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Emergency Regulations for Public Health Emergencies, actively cooperate with biosafety legislation, and promptly formulate and revise the regulations of relevant departments of public health management, so as to build a public health legal system with complete system, mutual connection and efficient operation. Improve the emergency response plan system for sudden acute infectious diseases, improve the pertinence and operability of the plan, and improve the special sub-plans for key points such as emergency material reserve and guarantee, lifeline protection for production and life, and scientific research. Strengthen the application of laws, make full use of existing legal weapons, and improve the level of legalization of public health and major epidemic prevention and control. Strengthen law enforcement and severely crack down on all kinds of illegal and criminal acts according to law. Improve the supervision mechanism of law enforcement. Popularize laws and regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, improve the awareness of knowing, understanding and abiding by the law, and the awareness of usage and public health risk prevention and control, and guide citizens to actively fulfill their obligations on epidemic prevention and control.

　　After the outbreak of COVID-19, the public security, transportation, medical and health departments in Lujiang County, Hefei City, Anhui Province joined forces to strictly control the entrance of vehicle personnel. The picture shows that on the night of February 15, 2020, the police braved the cold to stick to the post of epidemic prevention and control in the snowy night, and were willing to be the safety "night watchman" of the people. China News Service Zuo Xuechang/photo

　　Strengthen the construction of emergency command mechanism for major epidemic situations. Establish a centralized, unified and efficient leadership and command system, improve and optimize the joint prevention and control mechanism combining peacetime and wartime, and the epidemic response mechanism linking up and down, so as to better combine the governance advantages of local party committees and governments with the technical advantages of national professional departments. To achieve clear instructions, orderly system, smooth and effective implementation, and accurately solve the first-line problems of the epidemic. Strengthen the coordination mechanism of joint prevention and control between departments and regions. Strengthen the training and drills for managers, professionals and the public to deal with major epidemics, improve the working mechanism of combining prevention with control, joint prevention and control, and group prevention and treatment, and enhance the emergency response capability of major epidemics.

　　Highlight two key tasks.Disease prevention and control system and major epidemic treatment system are inseparable, which runs through infectious disease monitoring, early warning, epidemiological investigation, epidemic report, pathogen detection, prevention and control, medical treatment and other aspects, and is connected with "prevention — Control — The whole chain and every link of treatment is an important barrier to protect people’s health and life safety, and it is the "main battlefield" for the prevention and control of major epidemics.

　　Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the technicians of Yangzhou Hanjiang Biomedical Innovation Experimental Center, located in the Biotechnology Park of Yangzhou High-tech Zone, Jiangsu Province, have quickly returned to work and stepped up the production of COVID-19’s test kits to help fight the COVID-19 epidemic. The picture shows that on February 17th, 2020, the staff of Yangzhou Hanjiang Biomedical Innovation Experimental Center showed the COVID-19 virus detection reagent. People’s picture Meng Delong/photo

　　Reform and improve the disease prevention and control system. The first is to strengthen monitoring and early warning. Focusing on the goal of "early detection, early reporting and early disposal", we will strengthen the information collection, analysis and utilization capabilities of disease control institutions at all levels, improve multi-channel epidemic monitoring and rapid response systems such as online direct reporting, public opinion monitoring, medical and health personnel reports, and scientific research findings reports, realize the sharing of information and data on monitoring and early warning of major epidemic risks, improve the collaborative mechanism of research, evaluation, decision-making and prevention and control of major public health risks, and improve the discovery, reporting and early warning of major public health risks. The second is to improve the functional orientation. Strengthen the laboratory capacity building of disease control institutions and give full play to the important role of national and provincial laboratory testing. Strengthen the functions of technical guidance, personnel training, quality control, supervision and evaluation, performance appraisal and other related work of city and county-level disease prevention and control institutions. Starting from optimizing resource allocation and realizing intensive operation, support the municipal level to integrate laboratory resources in the jurisdiction and build a regional public health center laboratory; Allow provinces and qualified cities to appropriately liberalize the provision of public health technical services to the society, and innovate the coordination mechanism of medical prevention at the county level. The third is to strengthen the construction of talent team. We will improve policies on public health training, access, use, treatment guarantee, assessment and incentive mechanism, establish a new operating mechanism combining protection and incentive, implement the "two permits", and appropriately improve the treatment of disease control personnel.

　　Strengthen the treatment system for major epidemics. First, strengthen the construction of public health care system. Improve the regional distribution of public health medical service resources, establish national and regional medical centers for the treatment of infectious diseases, and improve the integrated medical service system from the state to provinces, cities and counties. Increase investment in infectious disease hospitals, improve diagnosis and treatment conditions, strengthen comprehensive capacity building, and improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of difficult and serious infectious diseases. Strengthen the construction of talents and disciplines, improve the construction of infectious diseases department in general hospitals, improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment, and improve the treatment of medical personnel related to infectious diseases. Strengthen the construction of pre-hospital emergency system, improve the network layout, and improve the equipment of emergency vehicles (including negative pressure ambulances). Improve the effective coordination mechanism of scientific research, disease control and clinical treatment. The second is to continue to strengthen the system construction of graded diagnosis and treatment. Accelerate the grid layout construction of urban medical groups and county medical communities, promote the implementation of the policy of "total payment, balance retention and reasonable overspending sharing" within the medical community, guide the formation of a smooth referral mechanism within the medical community, promote the efficient coordination and seamless connection between public health services and medical services, and establish and improve the treatment mechanism for major epidemics such as graded, stratified and diverted infectious diseases. The third is to improve the operating mechanism of primary medical and health institutions. Improve the basic medical and health service system, especially the construction of public health service system. Strengthen infrastructure construction and material allocation, strengthen the construction of grassroots medical and health teams, and meet the requirements of major epidemic prevention and control. Promote grassroots medical and health institutions to gradually establish "The new operating mechanism of combining public welfare first-class guarantee with public welfare second-class incentive will play a greater role in providing basic medical services.

　　Improve the two major supports.Critical illness insurance and rescue system and emergency material guarantee system are the important supports of major epidemic prevention and control and national public health emergency management system.

　　Improve the medical insurance and assistance system for major diseases. In the event of an emergency such as the start of the emergency response mechanism for major epidemics, the medical insurance agency will pre-allocate some medical insurance funds in advance to ensure that medical institutions will treat first and then charge; Improve the real-time settlement system of medical insurance in different places to ensure that patients are not affected by the cost problem. Explore the establishment of a medical fee exemption system for special groups and specific diseases, and specifically exempt the restrictive clauses such as medical insurance payment catalogue, payment limit and dosage. Explore the establishment of financial security for medical expenses of epidemic patients. Improve the medical insurance payment policy for medical treatment of major epidemics and increase the proportion of payment to primary medical institutions. Improve the social donation system, improve the audit process of donated materials distribution, and do a good job in material distribution and information disclosure.

　　Improve the emergency material support system for major epidemic situations. Promote the improvement of the national special reserve system for health emergency materials, improve the national reserve system, scientifically adjust the category, scale and structure of material reserves, and enhance the reserve capacity. Establish a unified national emergency material production and supply system, and optimize the production capacity guarantee and regional layout of important emergency materials. For the short-term material supply shortage that may occur, establish a centralized production scheduling mechanism, uniformly organize the supply of raw materials, arrange fixed-point production, and standardize quality standards. On the basis of physical reserves, increase technical reserves and production capacity reserves. Improve the national emergency materials purchasing and storage system to maximize the enthusiasm of production enterprises. Improve the working mechanism of cross-departmental and cross-regional joint defense and joint control of material supply, and establish an information dynamic monitoring system from the whole chain of raw material supply, production, circulation, storage and use.

　　Engels said, "A smart nation will learn much more from the mistakes of disasters than usual." The Chinese nation has experienced many hardships in its history, but it has never been crushed. Instead, it has become more and more frustrated, constantly growing up and rising from the hardships. The Party Group of the National Health and Wellness Commission will resolutely implement the spirit of the series of important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, strengthen the belief of winning, grit your teeth, continue to work hard and grasp the prevention and control work, and never say success lightly until you win the victory; At the same time, we should pay close attention to summing up experience and learning lessons, fill shortcomings, plug loopholes, strengths and weaknesses, build a sound, efficient and powerful mechanism and public health system to deal with public health emergencies, provide reliable health barriers for the people, and lay a more solid health foundation for realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Indian officials admitted that the computer network of the largest Kudankulam nuclear power plant was attacked from outside in October. The nuclear power plant is mainly designed and supplied by Russia with reactor units to provide electricity for the southern power grid of India. This nuclear power plant has become one of the largest cooperation projects between India and Russia.

According to the American Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, although the reactor operation of Kudankulam nuclear power plant has not been affected, this incident once again warns that the two biggest security risks of human society, namely cyber attacks and nuclear deterrence, are in a dangerous "collision", and its serious consequences may completely turn into uncontrollable man-made disasters.

Kudankulam nuclear power plant　

There have been more than 20 cyber attacks on nuclear facilities in the past 30 years.

The cyber attack on India’s nuclear power plant naturally reminds people of the past when Iran’s nuclear power plant was attacked by the "Shenzhen" virus in 2010, resulting in the paralysis of more than 1,000 centrifuges. In fact, the incidents of cyber attacks on nuclear power plants continue.

According to media reports, there have been more than 20 known cyber attacks against nuclear facilities since 1990. These incidents include malicious intrusions caused by software vulnerabilities and test updates. Although compared with the "Shenzhen" virus incident, these are not well known, but it also clearly shows that nuclear facilities can no longer be spared from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks on nuclear power plants may lead to great disasters and should be highly valued.

For all this, the initiator of cyber warfare and nuclear weapons, the clearer the result, the more fearful the psychology. The United States has regarded cyber attacks as the primary threat beyond terrorism. As early as 2009, after Obama, the "cyber president", took office, he immediately launched a 60-day cyberspace security assessment, and immediately took cyber security, nuclear security and combating terrorism as a "trinity" national strategy. Former US National Intelligence Director and Admiral Mike McConnell once pointed out that "terrorist organizations will master complex network technologies sooner or later, just like nuclear proliferation, but it is easier for them to achieve."

Informatization is a "double-edged sword", which is a golden opportunity and contains unprecedented risks. As the digitalization of nuclear reactor instruments and control systems increases, the possibility of harm caused by malicious and unexpected network attacks is also increasing. At the same time, according to a report published by Chatham House, a British think tank, in 2015, network security is a common shortcoming in the nuclear power industry, which runs through management, training and user behavior. Both natural loopholes and man-made defects may become convenient doors for cyber attacks and directly ignite the fuse of nuclear facilities out of control.

The consequences may be as the then US Secretary of Defense Panetta warned on October 11, 2012, "Cyber attacks can destroy the operation of passenger trains, pollute water supply or shut down most of the electricity supply in the United States, which can be the online version of Pearl Harbor incident, causing a lot of physical damage and casualties, paralyzing daily operations, shocking people and creating new fears."

The accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant left a deep impression on the world.　　

Indian nuclear power plant or infected with Trojan virus

The malware infected in the intranet of India’s nuclear power plant is said to have been developed by a hacker organization in a certain country and belongs to the variant of backdoor Trojan horse. Its functions include stealing keyboard records of devices, retrieving browser history records, and listing running processes, etc. It does not seem to be a malicious direct destructive virus. But not coincidentally, just a few days before the media reported the cyber attack, the nuclear power plant unexpectedly shut down a reactor. Although the relevant institutions strongly deny that the incident is related to the invasion of malicious software, the consequences of the network attack on the power grid are likely to be unpredictable and more difficult to control.

The thrilling collapse of Ukrainian power grid in the cold winter of 2015 was considered by Russian hackers. In March this year, Venezuela’s national power grid was paralyzed in a large area, and its president and information minister called it a cyber war carefully planned by the United States. In June this year, the suspense of multi-country power grid paralysis in South America, Russian experts must be American cyber warfare exercises, in an attempt to trigger social unrest in the region. In fact, including the rumors of American officials that their cyber forces preset malicious code in the Russian power grid, there is a shadow of "undeclared war" behind them, which represents a new invasion mode that can quietly cause large-scale damage; Even more, the fear of "cutting the bottom of the pot" is enough to destroy the electric energy that modern society depends on and cause the paralysis of the whole society.

Besides, the terrorists haven’t stopped thinking for a moment. The demonstration effect of the network power makes the terrorists’ hearts beat faster, and it is very likely that they will finally master the advanced cyber attack technology. The world has long been alert to this. On December 17, 2013, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2129, explicitly cracking down on the use of the Internet to commit terrorist acts. However, at present, cyber terrorism is only in the initial stage of development, that is, using the network for mobilization, publicity, series connection, fund-raising and other activities. Once terrorists master the leading technology of cyber attacks, it is entirely possible to cause heavy casualties. This is the "cyber 911" or "cyber Pearl Harbor" incident that senior American officials have been warning about.

In recent years, the US military and intelligence departments have vigorously developed cyber attack weapons, which has increased the risk of the proliferation of cyber weapons.

Be wary of the integration of cyber attacks with nuclear disasters and terrorism.

The United States regards cyber security, nuclear deterrence and counter-terrorism as a "trinity" national strategy, but the result is not satisfactory, but there are bad signs of the convergence of the three major risks. Although there are many reasons for this, the "law of the jungle", double standards and hegemonic thinking that it has been pursuing are hard to escape. From the "Shenzhen" virus to the release of the "eternal blue" weapon, it undoubtedly gives terrorists technical guidance and demonstration effect, and combating cyber terrorism has become a common difficulty for human society. To find a solution, we should not only devote ourselves to the difficult process of destroying nuclear weapons, but also strictly control the uncontrolled implementation of cyber attacks and prevent the creation of a breeding ground for terrorism.

Regarding the lessons that should be learned from the cyber attack on India’s nuclear power plant, the focus is on safety culture. The Hague Communiqué in 2014 also listed nuclear safety culture as the first of the three pillars of nuclear safety. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) of the United States has put forward guidelines to its operators for human resources development and performance evaluation to improve the network security of nuclear power plants. The National Nuclear Military Administration (NNSA) of the United States has incorporated network security into its security assessment, technical exchange and training plan. The United States has also cooperated with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to develop a network security training course for nuclear power plant operators; The International Atomic Energy Agency has also published a technical guide on computer security, and has also held a network security course for nuclear power plant operators for the first time. Organizations such as the World Nuclear Safety Association and the World Association of Nuclear Operators can also share information on best practices.

Despite such efforts, it is not enough. Although the lack of safety culture needs to be solved urgently, the harm of jungle culture is even greater, which is the real catalyst for the integration of cyber attacks, nuclear disasters and terrorism. The nuclear explosion in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 should not be forgotten. In 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded, and the radiation pollution was 100 times that of the atomic bomb explosion in Hiroshima, Japan. The Fukushima incident in 2011 shocked the whole world, and more than 200,000 people were directly implicated. Eight years later, the impact has not been completely eliminated.

To this end, in the face of cyber attacks on India’s nuclear facilities and concerns about cyber terrorism, we need to warn again: First, cyberspace is interconnected, and no one can be immune to it. The shortcomings of others may be the springboard to attack you; Second, cyber attacks on nuclear facilities are fundamentally different from those in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and it is impossible to enjoy the fruits of nuclear deterrence without suffering from nuclear explosions after dropping nuclear bombs; Third, human society must abandon the "jungle law" and firmly establish a new culture of "cyberspace destiny community" in order to make cyberspace a common well-being.

(The author is the executive deputy director of the Anti-Terrorism and Cyber Security Governance Committee of the China Police Law Research Association)

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has been far-sighted, comprehensively grasped the general trend of world development, profoundly summed up the experience and lessons of domestic and international development, creatively put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country and politics, founded and formed the economic thoughts of the Supreme Leader, scientifically guided China’s economic reform and development practice in the new era, and promoted historical achievements and changes in economic and social development. Facing the complicated situation since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core coordinated the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century, led the country to achieve stable, sustained and healthy economic and social development with superb leadership, firm political belief and perseverance, and further enriched and developed the economic thought of the Supreme Leader in practice.

　　Theoretical circles have actively carried out propaganda and interpretation and physical and chemical research around the formation and development of the supreme leader’s economic thought, and have made gratifying progress in both breadth and depth. Sorting out these research results will help us to understand the core essence and essence of the supreme leader’s economic thought more deeply, grasp the spiritual essence and value pursuit of the supreme leader’s economic thought more accurately, strengthen the ideological and theoretical arms more effectively and guide practice.

　　First, the scientific theory of answering the question of the times

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a major judgment that "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era". The new era calls for new theories, which lead to new practice. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entry into a new era is the prerequisite and the biggest development background for the supreme leader’s economic thought. Experts and scholars interpret the call of the new era for new economic ideas from different perspectives.

　　First, from the perspective of the changes in the main social contradictions in China. In the new era, the main contradiction in our society is transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. The development among regions, urban and rural areas and industries is still unbalanced, and the quality, efficiency and motivation of development need to be changed and upgraded. A series of new contradictions, problems and challenges in economic development urgently need new ideas to answer and solve.

　　Second, from the perspective of changes in economic development stages. The new era means that China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The stage of high-quality development pays more attention to better meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life. The new stage is facing new topics and needs new theories to guide it.

　　Third, from the perspective of building a modern and powerful country. In the new era, the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. Building a modern and powerful country has become a realistic goal, which requires new economic development methods to support and new development concepts to guide.

　　Fourth, from the perspective of problem orientation. The international situation is complex, severe and changeable, and the world is facing a great change that has never happened in a century. Global issues and world governance problems are prominent, which requires China to play a greater role and contribute to China’s wisdom and China’s strength. China’s economic and social construction has made great achievements, but it has also encountered some new problems and challenges. "The problem is the slogan of the times", "The times are the writers, and we are the respondents". In a certain sense, the supreme leader’s economic thought is produced to solve the problems of the times, and it is a new interpretation and new answer to the eternal theme of "development" in the new era.

　　Second, profound ideological content

　　(A) the new development concept and "seven adherences" are the main contents of the supreme leader’s economic thought.

　　Before Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader was formally put forward, scholars used "General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s important exposition on economic work" and "Supreme Leader’s economic strategic thought". After General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward the concept of "new normal" during his inspection tour in Henan in May 2014, some scholars took "new economic normal" as an important content of research.

　　In October 2015, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which put forward five development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing for the first time. In his speech at the second plenary session of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the concept is the forerunner of action, the development concept is strategic, programmatic and leading, and it is the concentrated expression of development ideas, development direction and development focus. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader scientifically explained the logical relationship between the five development concepts: innovation and development focus on solving the problem of development motivation; Coordinated development focuses on solving the problem of unbalanced development; Green development focuses on solving the problem of harmony between man and nature; Open development focuses on solving the problem of internal and external linkage of development; Sharing development focuses on solving social fairness and justice problems. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized in many important speeches that the new development concept is a profound change that has a bearing on the overall development of our country.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2017 clearly pointed out: "In the past five years, we have persisted in observing the general trend, seeking the overall situation and doing practical things, successfully controlled the overall situation of China’s economic development, and formed the supreme leader’s new era Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought with the new development concept as the main content in practice." This is the first time that the central authorities put forward the concept of "Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s Economic Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era", and it is also the first formal formulation of a specific aspect of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, from which we can see the important position of the Supreme Leader’s Economic Thought. The meeting pointed out that the economic thought of the supreme leader "takes the new development concept as the main content" and emphasized "seven persistences": persisting in strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the party over economic work to ensure the development of China’s economy in the right direction; Adhere to the people-centered development thought, which runs through the overall layout of "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of "four comprehensive" strategic layout; Adhere to the adaptation and grasp the new normal of leading economic development, base on the overall situation and grasp the law; Insist on making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, give better play to the role of the government, and resolutely remove institutional and institutional obstacles to economic development; Persist in adapting to the main contradictions and changes in China’s economic development, improve macro-control, make a choice according to the camera, and prescribe a correct prescription.Take promoting supply-side structural reform as the main line of economic work; Adhering to the problem-oriented deployment of the new strategy of economic development has a far-reaching impact on China’s economic and social development and reform; Adhere to the correct work strategies and methods, strive for progress steadily, maintain strategic strength, adhere to the bottom line thinking, and move forward step by step.

　　There are two main generalizations of the economic thoughts of the Supreme Leader in theoretical circles: one is "1+7", where "1" refers to the new development concept and "7" refers to "seven persistences"; The other is directly summarized as "seven persistences". Most scholars hold the former view, and many discussions are generally within this range, although they are from different angles.

　　(B) General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s series of important theoretical judgments on the overall situation of China’s economic development

　　In addition to the new development concept and the "seven adherences", many scholars have sorted out the theoretical judgments and strategic plans concerning the overall situation of China’s economic development, and believe that the following conclusions are also an important part of the supreme leader’s economic thought.

　　First, adhere to the theory of the primary stage of socialism, adhere to the basic socialist economic system such as public ownership as the main body, the common development of various ownership economies, distribution according to work as the main body, the coexistence of various distribution methods, and the socialist market economic system. This is an important pillar of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the foundation of the socialist market economic system.

　　The second is to adhere to overall development and security. Adhere to the overall concept of national security, strengthen the national security system and capacity building, strengthen the national economic security guarantee, run security development through all fields and the whole process of national development, and prevent and resolve various risks and challenges that affect China’s modernization process.

　　The third is to promote high-quality development, which is the theme of economic and social development in the new era. High-quality development is the general requirement for all aspects of economic and social development. It is necessary to embody the new development concept from supply, demand, input and output, distribution, macroeconomic cycle and other aspects to better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life.

　　The fourth is to build a modern economic system, which is the strategic goal of China’s development. It is necessary to build an industrial system that is led by innovation and develops in coordination, an urban-rural regional development system that highlights advantages and is coordinated, a multi-balanced, safe and efficient all-round opening system, a unified, open and competitive market system, an efficient and fair income distribution system, a resource-saving and environment-friendly green development system, and an economic system that gives full play to the role of the market and the government. Several systems are a unified whole, which should be built and promoted as a whole.

　　The fifth is to promote the supply-side structural reform, which is the main line of economic work at present and for a long time to come. The general requirement for promoting supply-side structural reform is to "consolidate, strengthen, upgrade and smooth", and the five major tasks of "de-capacity, de-inventory, de-leverage, cost reduction and short-boarding" are focused on. The fundamental purpose is to resolve various structural imbalances faced by China’s economic development, improve supply quality, and make supply capacity better meet people’s growing needs for high-quality life.

　　Sixth, speed up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. The new development pattern defines the path choice of China’s economic modernization, emphasizes the domestic market, gives full play to the advantages of China’s ultra-large-scale market, and makes the domestic market and the international market better connected by exerting the potential of domestic demand on the basis of domestic demand leading and internal recycling.

　　Seventh, promoting social fairness and justice and gradually realizing the common prosperity of all people are the essential requirements of socialism and the important goal of socialist modernization. It is necessary to promote common prosperity in high-quality development, focus on expanding the scale of middle-income groups, strengthen the regulation and adjustment of high income, promote the equalization of basic public services, promote the common prosperity of people’s spiritual life, and promote the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas.

　　There are also scholars who specialize in studying the important expositions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on some important issues, development concepts and strategic planning in specific fields, such as finance and taxation, real economy, digital economy, ecological economy, rural revitalization, regional coordination, global economic governance, the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the concept of a community of human destiny, which are also important components of the Supreme Leader’s economic ideology.

　　Third, a strict and complete logical system

　　Scholars comb the theoretical logic, historical logic and practical logic of the supreme leader’s economic thought from different perspectives in order to better grasp its core essence. The generalization of "1+7" has been widely recognized by theoretical circles. The new development concept occupies a leading position in the supreme leader’s economic thought, and the "seven persistences" as specific requirements and strategic measures are organically combined to form a complete ideological system with strict logic and rich content.

　　It is generally believed that the logical starting point of the supreme leader’s economic thought is that Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Some scholars also believe that "people-centered" has a foundation and leading significance for the systematic construction and innovative development of the supreme leader’s economic thought. Other scholars advocate that the logical starting point is the change of major social contradictions.

　　Some scholars use a judgment, a goal, five concepts, a main line, a method and a fundamental guarantee to summarize the theoretical framework of the supreme leader’s economic thought. A judgment means that China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. One goal is to build a modern economic system. Five concepts, namely the new development concept. A main line refers to the supply-side structural reform as the main line of economic work. One method refers to the general tone of the work of striving for progress while maintaining stability. Fundamental guarantee refers to the party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work.

　　Some scholars have expounded the rich connotation, structure and logical system of the supreme leader’s economic thought from five dimensions: essentialism, axiology, epistemology, practice and methodology. Adhering to the party’s leadership is the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economy; Taking the people as the center highlights the value orientation of the supreme leader’s economic thought and clearly answers the question of "for whom does Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economy develop" in the new era; The new normal is the key to know and understand the supreme leader’s economic thought; Insist on making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, give better play to the role of the government, persist in promoting supply-side structural reform as the main line of economic work, persist in problem-oriented deployment of new economic development strategies, clarify the practical requirements and key points of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic construction in the new era, and systematically answer the question of "how to achieve development"; It is an important methodological principle of the supreme leader’s economic thought to persist in striving for progress in stability and adhering to the bottom line thinking.

　　As for how to grasp the economic thoughts of the supreme leader, some scholars pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the integrity and systematicness, and to grasp the economic thoughts and views put forward by the general secretary of the supreme leader at different times since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as a whole with internal relations and sustainable development.

　　Fourth, rich and profound theoretical sources

　　Scholars mainly trace the economic thought of the supreme leader from the following aspects.

　　First, the theoretical basis of the supreme leader’s economic thought is Marxist political economy. From studying, studying and applying Marxist political economy to "adhering to the major principles of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy" and "constantly improving the theoretical system of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader is the process of constantly China-izing and modernizing the basic principles of Marxist political economy and forming the economic thoughts of the Supreme Leader. The basic value orientation of "people-centered" and "development for the people" is based on adhering to Marxist labor theory of value.

　　Second, the supreme leader’s economic thought is the inheritance and development of Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic development thought. For example, correctly handle a series of major relations in economic and social development, adhere to the theory of the primary stage of socialism, adhere to the liberation and development of social productive forces, adhere to the theme of the times, adhere to the value orientation of maximizing people’s interests, adhere to the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing modernization, adhere to the basic socialist economic system and establish and improve the socialist market economic system, adhere to strengthening the party’s leadership over economic work, adhere to the "national chess game", "overall consideration" and "striving for progress while being stable"

　　Third, the supreme leader’s economic thought has absorbed the nutrition of Chinese excellent traditional culture. China’s thoughts on governance and development, which have been handed down for thousands of years, are often quoted by the Supreme Leader General Secretary in his speech and creatively applied to his practice of governing the country.

　　Fourth, the supreme leader’s economic thought draws lessons from the beneficial components of western economics and profoundly summarizes the experience and lessons of contemporary capitalist economic development. In the 28th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that we adhere to the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy, and do not exclude the reasonable components of foreign economic theories. We should pay attention to learning from the aspects of western economics that reflect the general laws of socialized mass production and market economy, and at the same time, we should persist in removing the rough and selecting the fine, discarding the false and retaining the true, and take ourselves as the main factor and serve us.

　　V. Solid and heavy practical foundation

　　Scholars believe that tracing back to the practical source of the supreme leader’s economic thought mainly focuses on three aspects.

　　First, the major measures and successful experiences of socialist construction since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up. This is the practical source of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory, and the supreme leader’s economic thought is the inheritance and development of these outstanding achievements.

　　Second, the great practice and brilliant achievements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic construction since the 18th CPC National Congress. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the recovery of the world economy has been weak, local conflicts and turmoil have occurred frequently, and global problems have intensified. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, promulgated a series of major principles and policies, launched a series of major initiatives, pushed forward a series of major tasks, solved many long-term unsolved problems, and made many major events that were tried but not done in the past, which promoted historic changes in the cause of the party and the state. This is the main practical basis of the supreme leader’s economic thought.

　　Third, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has extraordinary personal experience and rich political experience. Comrade Supreme Leader’s life experience as an educated youth in northern Shaanxi, which is in harmony with the yellow land and local people, has made him establish the belief of serving the people wholeheartedly and laid the foundation of people-centered economic thought. The exploration of the Supreme Leader’s leading local economic work during his stay in Hebei and Fujian is the practical accumulation of the formation of the Supreme Leader’s economic thought. Comrade Supreme Leader visited Jinjiang seven times when he was working in Fujian, and put forward "Six Persistences", including the ideas of always adhering to the development of social productive forces as the fundamental direction of reform and development and always adhering to the market-oriented economic development. The above practical wisdom was further deepened when Zhejiang and Shanghai were in power, and the "Eight-eighth Strategy" and "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" were put forward while working in Zhejiang. Long-term experience at the grass-roots level has enabled the Supreme Leader to accumulate rich experience in economic work, and have personal feelings and deep thoughts on issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, people’s livelihood, poverty alleviation, coordinated development, opening to the outside world, ecological environment and innovative development, which have become the direct practical basis for the formation of his economic thoughts.

　　VI. Significant and profound theoretical innovations

　　Scholars generally believe that the supreme leader’s economic thought is the theoretical crystallization of the combination of Marxist political economy and the concrete reality of China’s economic development, and it is the innovative achievement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, which breaks through the traditional barriers of western economics, expands the way for developing countries to move toward modernization, and contributes China’s wisdom and China’s plan to solving human problems.

　　(A) the development and innovation of Marxist political economy

　　The first is to solve some difficult problems in political economy. People-centered thought has developed Marx’s labor theory of value and dispelled some people’s doubts about whether the labor theory of value can support the value orientation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s market economy reform. Adhere to the idea of making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government, and solve the theoretical problem of whether public ownership and market economy can be unified. The idea of supply-side structural reform is a further deepening of Marxist political economy theory on productivity and production relations, and a new theory to promote the advanced development of productivity.

　　The second is to enrich the new connotation of Marxist methodology. Insisting on problem orientation deepens the dialectical relationship between practice and cognition. Persisting in striving for progress in stability embodies the dialectical unity of movement and stillness, quantitative change and qualitative change, and is a vivid application and innovative development of materialist dialectics. Maintaining strategic strength is a creative application of contradiction analysis. Adhering to the bottom line thinking highlights the grasp of the stipulation of matter and matter, which is a major innovation in philosophical thinking mode.

　　Third, the category of "Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s Political Economy" is a profound change in the theory of political economy. Comrade Deng Xiaoping once pointed out that the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China "wrote a first draft of political economy, which is a combination of the basic principles of Marxism and the socialist practice in China". The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2015 proposed that we should adhere to the major principles of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, emancipate and develop social productive forces, and adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, so that the market can play a decisive role in resource allocation. The category of "Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s Political Economy" is a systematic summary and sublimation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic construction theory since the reform and opening up, and has opened up a new realm of Marxist political economy in contemporary China.

　　(B) the development and innovation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic theory.

　　First, judging the reality of economic development by the new orientation of China’s development history and the changes of major social contradictions, and making a new judgment that China’s economy has entered a new stage of development have become an important basis for determining the direction of macroeconomic policies.

　　Second, the people-centered idea runs through the economic development in the new era and takes "accurate poverty alleviation" and "comprehensive well-off society" as the most important practical form in the contemporary era, which scientifically answers the question of "for whom to develop" and becomes the starting point and basic position of economic work.

　　Third, the new concept of development is a new concept of development that can solve the practical problems faced by China’s economic development when Socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, enhance the development momentum, cultivate development advantages and lead economic development.

　　Fourth, it is a new breakthrough in the combination of socialism and market economy to insist on strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the party over economic work and making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government.

　　(C) breaking through the barriers of western economics

　　The supreme leader’s economic thought draws lessons from the beneficial components of western economics, and has achieved breakthroughs and transcendence in many aspects.

　　First, it breaks through the analytical paradigm of binary opposition between government and market in modern western mainstream economics.

　　Second, adhering to the people-centered basic position is essentially to pursue the unity of fairness and efficiency in the process of economic growth, and then realize the all-round development of human beings, which transcends the assumption that the mainstream western economics takes profit maximization as the theoretical development premise, and avoids the resulting contradictions and various crises that the western economy continues to evolve.

　　Thirdly, the emphasis on independence and taking the road of modernization in line with China’s national conditions enriches and develops the connotation of the road of modernization, and breaks through the theoretical assumption and guidance that "modernization" equals "westernization" implied in the context of mainstream western economics.

　　Fourth, the supply-side structural reform is substantially different from the western supply school, which is an innovation and a major transcendence of the latter. The western supply school aims to solve the problem of stagflation, with large-scale tax reduction as the main means. The focus of supply-side structural reform in China is to liberate and develop social productive forces, promote structural adjustment, improve supply quality and improve total factor productivity, with the aim of making supply capacity better meet the growing, upgrading and personalized material, cultural and ecological environment needs of the broad masses of people.

　　Fifth, it has surpassed the economic growth and development theory of western economics, and formed an economic development concept and road with China characteristics. It transcends the western theory of comparative advantage in international trade and the theory of factor endowment, and adheres to the principle of ensuring national autonomy and mutual benefit and win-win in opening up, thus breaking and crossing the "development trap" such as stagnation of economic growth, dependence of international division of labor and debt crisis.

　　(D) Promote the reconstruction of the theory of international economic relations

　　With the deepening of economic globalization, the interests and destinies of all countries in the world are more closely linked. World affairs need to be discussed and handled by all countries more and more, and global challenges need more and more cooperation from all countries. It is in this new situation that the Supreme Leader General Secretary put forward the idea of building a community of human destiny, demanding that the legitimate concerns of other countries be taken into account when pursuing their own interests, promoting common development of all countries in the pursuit of their own development, establishing a more equal and balanced new global development partnership, enhancing the common interests of mankind and jointly building a better home on earth.

　　Some scholars have pointed out that "the community of human destiny" is a leading concept, which comprehensively promotes the original concepts in terms of international power, common interests, sustainable development and global governance, scientifically determines the basic starting point of international economic relations in the process of socialist modernization, and points out the path to solve global problems and promote global governance.

　　Some scholars have pointed out that the construction of a "community of human destiny" can solve the problems of anti-globalization, populism and trade protectionism in the current globalization process, and better guide the new globalization to a fairer and more harmonious development path. This is a new and significant theoretical original contribution put forward by China in the light of the new global economic situation, which has promoted the reconstruction of the theory of international economic relations.

　　Seven, a powerful weapon with great practical power

　　The new era produces new ideas, which guide new practice. The supreme leader’s economic thought provides us with a fundamental follow-up and action guide for doing a good job in economic work. Some scholars have pointed out that there are several important points to understand the guiding significance of the supreme leader’s economic thought to the practice of economic work: first, to form the institutional mechanism of the party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work; The second is to form an economic policy system guided by the new development concept; The third is to form an economic development idea with supply-side structural reform as the main line; The fourth is to form an economic work methodology of striving for stability, emphasizing scientific thinking such as problem-oriented and bottom-line thinking.

　　Focusing on promoting high-quality development, the Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2017 put forward eight key tasks: deepening supply-side structural reform, stimulating the vitality of various market players, implementing rural revitalization strategy, implementing regional coordinated development strategy, promoting the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening-up, improving people’s livelihood, accelerating the establishment of a housing system with multi-agent supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase, and accelerating the construction of ecological civilization. Some scholars attribute these measures to the practical path to realize the strategic goal of building a modern economic system.

　　Scholars generally believe that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the historic achievements and changes in China’s economic development have benefited from the scientific guidance of the supreme leader’s economic thought and the successful practice of this important thought. The economic thought of the supreme leader gives a new answer to the question of "what kind of economic development to achieve and how to achieve it" in the new era. The new development concept and "seven adherences" provide a scientific practical guide for achieving higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development. Some scholars believe that the overall victory in the fight against poverty and the great achievements in building a well-off society in an all-round way have embodied the practical guidance of the supreme leader’s economic thought.

　　The 2020 Central Economic Work Conference emphasized our regular understanding of doing a good job in economic work under severe challenges: the authority of the CPC Central Committee is the fundamental reliance of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in times of crisis; The supremacy of the people is the fundamental prerequisite for making a correct choice; Institutional advantage is the fundamental guarantee to form a powerful force to overcome the difficulties; Scientific decision-making and creative response are the fundamental methods to turn crisis into opportunity; Self-reliance of science and technology is the fundamental support to promote the overall development. Some scholars believe that these summaries made by the Central Economic Work Conference on the reasons for China’s great achievements in epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development under the grim situation have profoundly revealed the great practical guiding significance of the supreme leader’s economic thought to economic work.

　　Eight, distinctive theoretical character

　　Scholars have reached the following consensus on some distinctive characteristics of the supreme leader’s economic thought.

　　One is political. Politics is the fundamental quality of the supreme leader’s economic thought, which is embodied in "adhering to the socialist direction" and "adhering to the party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work" Taking the political system as an important factor, we pay attention to expounding the relationship between politics and economy and the role of politics in economy, so as to make the supreme leader’s economic thought a "political economy" with distinctive China characteristics, China style and China style.

　　The second is people’s nature. Adhering to the people as the center is the foothold of the supreme leader’s economic thought, and it is a theoretical principle that not only embodies the party’s fundamental purpose and position, but also runs through the overall layout of "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of "four comprehensive" strategic layouts, and is implemented in all aspects of economic development.

　　The third is scientific. The economic thought of the Supreme Leader is a theoretical system that leads the high-quality development of China’s economy and society on the basis of inheriting and developing Marxist political economy and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic theory and scientifically analyzing the new changes in China’s economic and social development in the new era. It contains profound academic rationality, rich connotation and rigorous logic.

　　The fourth is practicality. The formation of the supreme leader’s economic thought has a profound practical foundation, which comes from practice, comes from answering practical topics in the new era and develops in practice. This thought is full of practical wisdom, which plans the practical path of building a modern economic system and realizing the goal of "two hundred years", which is the fundamental follow-up of the party’s leading economic work.

　　The fifth is cosmopolitan. The supreme leader’s economic thought embodies the common value pursuit of mankind. Insisting on improving people’s well-being and promoting people’s all-round development as the starting point and end result of economic development reflects the common aspiration of mankind for a better life. Committed to peaceful development, emphasizing mutual benefit and sharing, actively participating in global economic governance and building a community of human destiny reflect the common aspiration of human beings for peaceful development, equal development and common development.

　　Some scholars believe that the distinctive features of the Supreme Leader’s economic thought are: the theoretical character of keeping pace with the times, the core essence of comprehensively deepening reform, the value pursuit of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the remarkable improvement of people’s living standards, a clear understanding of China’s economic and social development goals and roads, and an unswerving pursuit of modernization in line with China’s national conditions.

　　Nine, make a significant contribution to the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy.

　　In November 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized in the 28th collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee that we should base ourselves on China’s national conditions and our development practice, reveal new features and laws, refine and summarize the regular achievements of China’s economic development practice, turn practical experience into systematic economic theory, and constantly open up a new realm of Marxist political economy in contemporary China. In July, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over an expert symposium on economic situation, stressing that to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, we should take Marxist political economy as the guide, sum up and refine the great practical experience of China’s reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and learn from the beneficial elements of western economics. In May 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Philosophy and Social Sciences with China Characteristics, proposing to accelerate the construction of the discipline system of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics. A series of important expositions made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary provided a fundamental basis for the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, and scholars had a heated discussion on how to build and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy.

　　The first is about the basic principles that should be adhered to in the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy. Scholars put forward that we must base ourselves on the primary stage of socialism and reflect the characteristics of the times, which is the general basis for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the basis for Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy. Under the guidance of Marxism, we should absorb the important achievements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic theory and draw lessons from foreign economic theories reasonably. Some scholars put forward that adhering to the principle of liberating and developing productive forces is the basic method and principle of developing and applying Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, and emphasized that the theory of socialist market economy should occupy an important position in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy theory system.

　　The second is about the research object of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy. Some scholars believe that it should be consistent with the classical Marxist political economy, and take the relations of production as the research object. Some advocate taking the mode of production as the research object, while others emphasize the national characteristics of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Some scholars believe that Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy studies the laws of production, exchange and distribution in the primary stage of socialism in China, which contains national and historical characteristics.

　　The third is about the theme and theoretical logic of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy. Some scholars believe that Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy is to solve a series of outstanding contradictions and problems faced by China’s development, and development is the core theme. The main content of the supreme leader’s economic thought "one idea plus seven persistences" is also the theoretical logic of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy. Some scholars have suggested that adhering to the people-centered development thought has established the main line for the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, and the idea of handling the relationship between the government and the market has established the basic paradigm for the allocation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy research resources.

　　The fourth is about the function of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy. Some scholars have pointed out that there should be a clear division of labor and boundary division among some disciplines in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system of economic construction, and to achieve a breakthrough in theoretical system construction, it is necessary to clearly divide the disciplinary boundaries of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic construction at the three levels of "guiding ideology", "basic principles" and "realistic economic policy research", so as to play their respective roles.

　　Ten, to further promote the research to go deep and practical.

　　(A) the supreme leader’s economic thought research has achieved remarkable results.

　　The theoretical research on the supreme leader’s economic thought is vigorous, effective and has a good momentum, which is mainly reflected in the following two aspects.

　　First, important domestic units and departments set up specialized research institutions, which provided strong support for in-depth research on the economic thought of the supreme leader.

　　Since 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has successively approved the establishment of 18 research centers (institutes) for Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era. In 2017, the Central Party School, Ministry of Education, China Academy of Social Sciences, National Defense University, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Peking University, Tsinghua University and China Renmin University, 10 units were approved. In July 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was approved. In June, 2021, 7 units from National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, china law society, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Shandong were approved. The National Development and Reform Commission established the Research Center of the Supreme Leader’s Economic Thought, which is a specialized institution for studying the economic thought of the Supreme Leader, with more than 40 governing units.

　　In addition to the above-mentioned research institutions approved by the central government, some localities and many colleges and universities have also set up research institutions on Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era. These research institutions give full play to their respective advantages to study the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, each with its own emphasis and characteristics, and it is one of their important responsibilities to carry out the research on the Supreme Leader’s economic thought.

　　Second, a large number of national social science fund projects were approved and a large number of high-level research results were published, laying the foundation for further deepening the study of the supreme leader’s economic thought.

　　According to the national social science fund project database, there are many topics whose project names contain the key words of the top leaders’ economic thoughts, such as: new development concept, people-centered, new economic normal, making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and giving better play to the role of the government, high-quality development, supply-side structural reform, rural revitalization, Belt and Road Initiative, and community of human destiny.

　　Searching from China HowNet and the national library’s collection catalogue, the main content of the supreme leader’s economic thought is the key word, and many works are searched out, specifically from different regions, industries and fields. Judging from the publication of the paper, there are many related articles, most of which are in 2018 and 2019, with "the economic thought of the supreme leader" as the keyword search. The number of detailed research papers increased rapidly in 2020 and 2021, among which "high-quality development" and "Belt and Road" were the most, followed by "supply-side structural reform", "new development concept" and "new development pattern".

　　(B) Further promoting the study of the supreme leader’s economic thought has a long way to go.

　　The research on the supreme leader’s economic thought has achieved gratifying results and deepened the understanding of a series of related important issues. However, because this idea has not been established for a long time, and it is in the process of continuous enrichment and development, there are still some shortcomings in the theoretical circle in terms of overall grasp, systematic understanding and deepening research, and it is a long way to go to further promote research.

　　From the previous review of the projects approved by the National Social Science Fund and the publication of research works, it can be seen that the projects and works titled "Economic Thought of the Supreme Leader" or "Economic Thought of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era of the Supreme Leader" are rarely seen, indicating that there are not many systematic and weighty research results.

　　Judging from the published articles, there are still some shortcomings in the current research. First, the integrity of the theoretical system of the supreme leader’s economic thought is not combed enough, and the grasp is not in place. Second, there are many general descriptions of the important expositions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and macro explanations of the theoretical concept itself, and there are many problems in the research, but there is not enough in-depth research on the historical and practical origins of this idea and the elements of the theoretical system. Third, there is insufficient research on how the supreme leader’s economic thought is implemented in economic work practice and guided practice. Fourthly, the world significance of this thought has not been studied deeply. Fifth, most of the researchers come from Marxist theoretical disciplines and economic disciplines, while other disciplines such as politics, sociology, management and history are relatively weak.

　　(C) Some suggestions for further research.

　　The supreme leader’s economic thought comes from the practice of China’s socialist modernization, and is constantly enriched and developed in practice. Therefore, the study of this thought is a long-term and systematic project that needs to be deepened and refined continuously. Deepening the research faces an important task, that is, presenting the theoretical system of the supreme leader’s economic thought accurately, completely and systematically, and strengthening the guiding significance of the supreme leader’s economic thought to economic work. Therefore, in the future research work, we need to focus on the following issues.

　　First, strengthen systematic research and grasp the theoretical system as a whole. The supreme leader’s economic thought is rich and profound. In order to accurately understand and present it completely, it is necessary to further trace the theoretical and practical sources of the supreme leader’s economic thought, deeply understand its value pursuit and practical goal, accurately grasp its core connotation, straighten out its theoretical framework and logical relationship, comprehensively grasp its scientific thinking methods and working methods, and clarify its theoretical innovation, practical guiding significance and world value.

　　Second, coordinate the research at macro, meso and micro levels. The supreme leader’s economic thought is composed of various and multi-level concrete ideas. The research must go deep into these specific levels and deeply understand the problem consciousness, theoretical connotation and practical direction of these new ideas and strategies.

　　Third, carry out in-depth investigation and study, and strengthen the summary of the supreme leader’s economic thought practice. Paying attention to the guiding role of theory in practice and the test of theory by practice can help us realize the practical value of the supreme leader’s economic thought more effectively, thus further enhancing our understanding of scientific theory. Since the end of 2020, Economic Daily has carried out in-depth research on the practice of the supreme leader’s economic thought nationwide, published a large number of high-quality research reports, displayed the implementation of the supreme leader’s economic thought and innovative measures in various places, and summarized and popularized successful experiences. This work is worthy of continuous and in-depth promotion on a larger scale.

　　Fourth, strengthen interdisciplinary research. The supreme leader’s economic thought is the latest achievement of Marxism in contemporary China, which includes political, economic, social, cultural, historical, ecological and other fields, and reflects the development of China and the world. Multidisciplinary perspectives and multidimensional research methods are conducive to the expansion and deepening of research.

　　Fifth, speed up the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy. Guided by the series of important expositions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, the discussion on the principles and framework of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy will enter the stage of discipline entity construction as soon as possible, so that Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy will form a strong support for the study of the Supreme Leader’s economic thought in terms of disciplines, institutions and talents.

　　Sixth, increase the external publicity and interpretation of the supreme leader’s economic thought. The new development concept and the concept of community of human destiny put forward by the Supreme Leader have profoundly influenced people’s views on the world, relations between countries and human development. China’s great achievements in poverty reduction have made great contributions to global poverty reduction, and the China route of economic modernization has contributed China’s wisdom and China’s plan to the international community. We should make greater efforts to tell the story of China from the perspective of theoretical research, so that the world can understand China more comprehensively, stereoscopically and objectively, and make a peaceful, progressive and prosperous China better benefit the world.

　　(This article Source: Economic Daily Author: Economic Daily Research Group Member: Ji Zhengju Xu Xiangmei Qin Yue Pei Wen Pen: Ji Zhengju Xu Xiangmei)

Protecting personal information and privacy has become a hot topic in the science and technology circle recently. At the 315 party, cases such as companies illegally collecting face information and cleaning up software stealing information from the elderly were exposed. From the perspective of the regulatory authorities, the protection measures for personal information are also increasing.

Last week, Yang Xiaowei, deputy director of the National Internet Information Office, said at a press conference that the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law are being stepped up to provide legal protection for data security and personal privacy protection at the legal level.

Yesterday, the State Internet Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the State Administration of Market Supervision jointly issued the Provisions on the Scope of Necessary Personal Information for Common Mobile Internet Applications (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).

, which shall come into force on May 1, 2021.

Does the App have excessive collection of personal information? If the user does not agree to provide unnecessary personal information, the App refuses to provide users with basic functional services? In this regard, Sohu Technology reviewed the privacy policies of the top ten commonly used apps and compared them with the necessary personal information defined in the Regulations.

It should be noted that whether device and log information and Cookie belong to personal information is still controversial. If it is counted as personal information and strictly in accordance with the restrictions in the Regulations, Sohu Technology found that the top ten apps, including iQiyi, Baidu Map, Didi, Alipay, Meituan, Pinduoduo, Taobao, WeChat, QQ and Tik Tok, may need to be rectified. Because in addition to the necessary information mentioned in the Regulations, these apps will also collect users’ device and log information, Cookie and similar data files by default.

Generally speaking, equipment information mainly includes unique equipment identification code, login IP address, equipment model, etc. Log information mainly includes browsing records, retrieval records, access date and time, etc.

Of course, if the above information is not defined as personal information, then the personal information collection of these apps is basically compliant. Some apps have out-of-range information collection, which users can refuse and will only affect additional services.

Iqiyi:

In the "Regulations", the basic functional services of online audio-visual apps are "movies, music search and playback", and the basic functional services can be used without personal information.

In the privacy policy of iQiyi, iQiyi claims that the collection of device information and log information is to provide the most core service content display/play/download service. If the above information and/or permission are refused, the products and services may not be used. Iqiyi also stressed that individual device information, log information, etc. cannot identify the user’s identity information.

Specifically, the device information includes MAC address of the device, unique device identification code, login IP address, device model, device name, device identification, browser type and setting, language setting, operating system and application version, access mode to the network, network quality data, mobile network information (including operator name), product version number, and information related to the location of the device.

In terms of log information, iQiyi will automatically collect users’ personal online records and save them as relevant operation logs and service logs, including browsing records, likes/sharing/comments/interaction records, collection/attention/reservation records, playing records, playing duration, and date and time of visit.

Iqiyi said that Cookie and similar technologies may be used to collect some personal information of users, including their habits of visiting websites, browsing information and login information.

Didi:

In the "Regulations", the basic functional services of online car-hailing apps are "online taxi booking service and cruise taxi calling service", and the necessary personal information includes: 1. Mobile phone number of registered users; 2. The passenger’s departure place, arrival place, location information and whereabouts; 3. Payment information such as payment time, payment amount and payment channel (online booking taxi service).

In Didi’s privacy policy, personal information necessary to complete the above basic functions includes mobile phone number, itinerary information, payment information, location information, order information and transaction status, audio and video recording information, equipment information and log information.

Specifically, users need a mobile phone number and a password to register. If they log in with WeChat, they also need to obtain the OpenID； of WeChat platform. Travel information, including departure place, arrival place, whereabouts track, duration and mileage information; Payment information includes payment tools, payment account risk control information and payment status. If users use Didi Wallet, they need to set payment password, record balance, payment record, cash withdrawal record and bank card number.

In addition, Didi said that in order to improve the product safety capability, the sound information of the in-vehicle environment during the user’s trip will be obtained through software or hardware equipment. Some registered vehicles in the platform may be equipped with in-vehicle video recorders and other equipment, and users may be recorded with video information. Moreover, Didi will collect device information (including device model, operating system version, device settings, MAC address, device identifiers such as IMEI, IDFA and OAID, SIM card IMSI information, SIM card attribution, device environment, mobile application list and other software and hardware feature information) and log information (including browsing records, content retrieval, click to view records, transaction records, IP address browser type, telecom operator, language used, and access date and time).

Alipay:

In the "Regulations", the basic functions of online payment apps are "online payment, cash withdrawal, transfer and other functions", and the necessary personal information includes: 1. Mobile phone number of registered users; 2 registered user name, certificate type and number, certificate validity period, bank card number.

In Alipay’s privacy policy, users need to provide their mobile phone number or email address as account login names. Users also need to provide basic identity information, including name, nationality, gender, occupation, address, contact information, type, number and expiration date of valid identity documents, and color photocopies or photos of valid identity documents.

In the operation of balance payment, it is necessary to record the balance information and transaction information of the payment account; In fast payment, users need to provide the name of the bank, the card number of the bank card, the validity period of the bank card, the name and ID number, and the reserved mobile phone number of the bank; In the transfer operation, if you transfer money to someone else’s Alipay account, you need to enter the payee’s account, payee’s partial name and transfer amount; When transferring money to someone else’s bank card, you need to enter the payee’s name, card number and bank.

When a user makes a purchase, Alipay claims that it will collect the transaction information of the user directly or from merchants, including transaction amount, transaction object, transaction commodity, transaction time and delivery information (if any). If the user does not agree, the transaction may not be completed.

In addition, for security reasons, Alipay claims that it needs to record Alipay service category, mode, equipment brand, equipment model, equipment name, IP address, MAC address, equipment software version information, equipment identification code, equipment identifier, location, network usage habits, equipment-related application information and other log information related to Alipay services. If you don’t agree to record the above information, you may not be able to complete the wind control verification.

Baidu map:

In the "Regulations", the basic function service of map navigation App is "positioning and navigation", and the necessary personal information is: location information, departure place and arrival place.

Through Baidu Map Privacy Policy, we can see that the personal information directly provided by users and automatically collected by App includes: registration information, device information, location information, log information, vehicle information, address book information, calendar information, application list information, and the information beyond the scope is mainly collected for additional services.

For example, in terms of registration information, when registering a Baidu universal account, users need to provide the account name, avatar, secret email address, secret mobile phone, secret security questions, and create a password. Or, log in with a third-party account. Baidu map privacy policy points out that if you don’t log in to Baidu map, it will not prevent users from using the core business functions of location service and search service, but it will affect the use of additional business functions such as error reporting and comment.

Meituan:

In the "Regulations", the basic function service of catering take-away App is "catering purchase and delivery", and the necessary personal information includes: 1. Mobile phone number of registered users; 2. The consignee’s name, address and telephone number; 3. Payment information such as payment time, payment amount and payment channel.

In Meituan’s privacy policy, users need to provide their mobile phone numbers to create accounts, and improve relevant network identification information (such as avatar, nickname and login password, etc.); In terms of payment information, it is necessary to collect the order information, reconciliation information and other necessary information required by law; When it comes to delivery and other services, users need to provide the name, gender, mobile phone number, delivery address, house number, etc. of the consignee.

In addition, Meituan will also collect logs and equipment information. When users use the products/services provided by Meituan, Meituan will collect information such as browsing, searching, clicking, collecting, adding shopping carts, trading, after-sales, paying attention to, sharing and publishing, and save them as relevant web logs, including IP address, browser type, language used, operating system version, date and time of visit, telecom operator, network request, etc.

Meituan will also obtain user’s device information, including device attributes, connection and status information, such as device model, device identifier (IMEI/Android ID/IDFA/OpenUdid/GUID/OAID, SIM card IMSI, ICCID information, etc.), device MAC address, software list, telecom operator and other software and hardware feature information.

Pinduoduo:

In the "Regulations", the basic function service of online shopping apps is "purchasing goods", and the necessary personal information includes: 1. The mobile phone number of registered users; 2. The consignee’s name, address and telephone number; 3. Payment information such as payment time, payment amount and payment channel.

In Pinduoduo’s privacy policy, users need to provide their mobile phone number for registration to complete the basic function of "purchase", and Pinduoduo will collect the user’s equipment information, log information, order information and payment information.

Specifically, device information includes but is not limited to device type, device model, device setting, device identification code, device storage space, operating system and application version, language setting, resolution, and software and hardware feature information. In addition, Pinduoduo may write into the storage space of the devices used by users when accessing the Pinduoduo platform or using Pinduoduo services.

In terms of log information, Pinduoduo said that when users visit the Pinduoduo platform or use services, the system may automatically receive and record information on browsers and computers (including but not limited to IP address, browser type, search records, browsing records, browsing habits, language used, date and time of visit, telecom operators and web records of recording requirements).

The order information includes the name (or name) of the consignee, the receiving address and the telephone number. The order also contains the order number, the information of the goods or services purchased, the time of placing the order, the time of group formation, the actual payment amount and the payment method adopted. As for payment information, users can complete payment through third-party payment institutions, and the payment function itself does not collect personal information. However, Pinduoduo needs to share the user’s order number, transaction amount and transaction information required by other payment institutions selected by users with the payment institutions selected by users.

In addition, Pinduoduo said that users may know their identity and usage habits through cookies, but users can modify their acceptance of cookies or reject cookies from Pinduoduo through their browsers.

Taobao:

"Taobao Privacy Policy" shows that in addition to the telephone number required for member registration, the company will collect information about users’ collections, purchases and purchases, and the location of users to recommend goods and services. For the sake of security, Taobao said that it needs to collect and process the user’s equipment information and log information. In addition, in order to provide preferential information about nearby goods and services, the user’s location information will also be read, but the user can choose to turn it off.

Taobao said that most of the above personal information was provided by users voluntarily, or Taobao obtained it through Cookies, SDK and similar technologies when users used products, and some of it was obtained indirectly from third parties.

Wechat:

In the "Regulations", the basic functional service of instant messaging apps is "providing online instant messaging services such as text, pictures, voice and video". The necessary personal information includes: 1. The mobile phone number of registered users; 2. Account information: account number and account number list of instant messaging contacts.

The Guide to Privacy Protection of WeChat shows that when users register for WeChat service, the information they need to provide includes account information, mobile phone number, device model, operating system, login IP address, search conducted on WeChat, records of viewing operations and other log information. WeChat calls this kind of information "the basic information that must be collected to provide services".

When using functions such as nearby people, shaking, face-to-face group building and nearby applets, WeChat will record the geographical location information after obtaining the user’s consent. If it refuses to provide it, it will not be able to use the above functions. Wechat search, search and take a look also collect search records, reading records, recommendation records and visit times, comments and interaction records.

With the continuous superposition of WeChat functions, in addition to the basic communication functions, WeChat also carries many other needs, which inevitably involves more personal information collection.

QQ：

"Guidelines for QQ Privacy Protection" shows that when users use QQ services, they will collect log information such as device model, operating system, device Mac address, unique device identifier, application ID, login IP address, QQ software version number, access mode, type and status, network quality data, operation log, service log information (such as your browsing history under reading function, service failure information, etc.), which is for providing information.

QQ will collect some sensitive information, such as steps, mobile phone contact information and geographical location information, when users use some functions, but refusing to provide them will make users unable to use related specific functions, but will not affect the use of other QQ functions.

In addition, third-party partners of QQ will use third-party SDK to collect and use users’ personal information. For example, users can share specific content to Sina Weibo, and QQ is connected to Sina Weibo SDK. Third-party partners may collect personal common equipment information and network status. When users use Huawei mobile phones, the mobile phone manufacturer Push SDK accessed by QQ needs to collect the MAC address and unique identification information (such as IMEI) of the mobile phone device, and may collect parameters such as the user’s mobile phone model, system type, system version, network status, etc. for pushing information.

Like WeChat, the user information collected by QQ is also out of scope, but according to the Guidelines, if you refuse to provide relevant information, it will only affect the corresponding functions and will not affect the basic functions.

Tik Tok:

In the "Regulations", the basic function service of short video apps is "video search and play for no more than a certain period of time", and the basic function service can be used without personal information.

Tik Tok Privacy Policy points out that the information provided by users and obtained by automatic means includes account number, identity authentication, log information (click, follow, collect, search, browse and share), release information, address book, geographical location information and equipment information.

However, Tik Tok said, "Based on our cooperation with communication operators, when you use the" one-click login "function of Tik Tok, the operator will send us your mobile phone number with your express consent, so that we can provide you with fast login service. The mobile phone number belongs to personal sensitive information. If you refuse to provide it, you will not be able to register and log in to Tik Tok by "one-click login", but it will not affect your registration and login by other means, nor will it affect the normal use of other functions. "

In addition, Tik Tok said that in order to improve the uploading speed of audio and video, enrich the publishing function and optimize the experience, when users publish audio and video, Tik Tok will temporarily load the audio and video to the server before clicking "Publish" to confirm the uploading. However, users can turn it off in the settings.

To sum up, users’ device information, log information and Cookie are basically collected by default. After entering the App, there is no relevant button to choose to reject the "collected" device and log information; If you want to reject the "collected" Cookie, you need to turn off the relevant permissions in the browser, and you need the browser to support the relevant functions.

For example, in the Regulations, online audio-visual apps can use basic functional services without personal information. In iQiyi’s privacy policy, iQiyi claims that refusing to provide equipment information and log information may lead to the inability to use products and services.

It should be noted that the definition of whether device information, log information, etc. belong to personal information is still vague. Pinduoduo mentioned in his privacy policy that individual device information, log information, search keyword information and other information or data that cannot be directly linked with a specific individual are not personal information or personal sensitive information. However, according to the national standard "Information Security Technology Personal Information Security Specification" implemented in October last year, online records, common equipment information, etc. belong to personal information.

In today’s market, plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) and automobiles (EREV) have become the focus of consumers’ attention. This paper will analyze the differences between the two models in detail, and discuss them from the aspects of cost performance, typical models, core competitiveness and shortcomings, and analyze them with real cases in order to provide valuable reference information for readers.

Basic principles and differences between (PHEV) and (EREV)

Plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) has both traditional fuel and fuel, and can be driven in various modes, such as, pure fuel or so on. The car (EREV) is only equipped with an electric motor, and the battery is charged by the fuel engine to realize driving.

In terms of cost performance, the price of plug-in hybrid vehicle is relatively high because of its relatively complex power system and high cost. The car has a relatively simple power system and low cost, so the price is relatively low.

In terms of typical vehicle models, plug-in hybrid vehicles are represented by DM, PHEV, etc., and automobiles are represented by, etc.

The core competitiveness of plug-in hybrid vehicle lies in its flexible driving mode, which can be switched according to different scenarios, which can not only enjoy the driving experience, but also realize the fuel-driven endurance guarantee. However, its disadvantage is that the power system is complex and the maintenance cost is high.

The core competitiveness of a car lies in its driving experience, which has a high. However, its disadvantage is that the cruising range is limited by the battery power, and when the battery power is insufficient, the driving range will be affected.

Taking BYD Tang DM He as an example, the vehicle types are compared and analyzed;

1. Price: The price range of BYD Tang DM is 200,000-300,000 yuan, while that of Li ONE is 300,000-400,000 yuan. Plug-in hybrid cars have a slight advantage in price.

2. cruising range: BYD Tang DM has a cruising range of about 80-100 kilometers in the mode, and Li ONE has a cruising range of about 180 kilometers in the mode, so the car has more advantages in cruising range.

3. Power performance: BYD Tang DM can achieve strong power performance with the cooperation of fuel engine and motor. Li ONE, as a car, although not as good as plug-in hybrid car in power performance, can meet the daily driving needs.

Based on the above analysis, plug-in hybrid cars and cars have their own characteristics, and consumers can make choices according to their own needs. When buying a car, you can consider the car budget, cruising range, power performance and other factors, and combine the actual test drive experience to select the most suitable model for you.

(|||) (||)(||)ev is the first four-seat new energy vehicle under SAIC-GM. This model is mainly positioned as a commuter scooter, and can also be used for short-distance driving. Then when it comes to travel, you have to mention the cruising range of Wuling Hongguang. So what is the cruising range of this car? Let’s take a look at the detailed explanation of Pacific Auto.

The measured endurance is 150 kilometers.

At present, there are two models of the latest 2021 Wuling Hongguang MINI on sale, with a guide price of 376-436 thousand yuan and a cruising range of 120km and 170km. The main test is the 170km endurance version of Wuling Hongguang MINI, which runs on urban roads with normal driving habits. In the end, the cruising range of Wuling Hongguang MINI can reach 150km.

Excellent power system

The price of only about 40 thousand yuan can reach the battery life of 150km, which is very good, mainly thanks to the excellent power system of Wuling Hongguang MINI. In terms of power, the model is equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a total power of 20kw and a total torque of 85N.m, and is equipped with a 13.8kwh ternary lithium battery pack.

Security configuration

Wuling Hongguang MINI not only has excellent endurance and excellent power system, but also has rich safety configuration. In terms of safety, the new car is equipped with anti-lock braking, brake distribution system, main driver’s airbag, tire pressure monitoring, rear parking radar, rear image and uphill assist.

Through this description of the cruising range of Wuling Hongguang MINI, we can see that the measured cruising range of Wuling Hongguang MINI is very good.

The above is the related content of the measured cruising range of Wuling Hongguang MINI, which can reach 150km.

() The business review of the Board of Directors in the first half of 2023 is as follows:

　　I. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period

　　(a) the industry situation

　　The company belongs to intelligent network and intelligent transportation industry. With the rapid development of next-generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence, mobile internet and big data, intelligent networking and autonomous driving are becoming a new generation of intelligent transportation systems. Intelligent networked traffic system is an integrated intelligent network system that realizes real-time and high-precision perception of road traffic environment through advanced vehicle and road sensing equipment such as radar and video, and realizes communication, information exchange and control instruction execution between vehicles, vehicles and roads, vehicles and people, and vehicles and road traffic facilities according to agreed communication protocols and data interaction standards, and finally forms intelligent traffic management and control, intelligent dynamic information service and automatic driving of networked vehicles. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an efficient, convenient, safe, environmental-friendly, comfortable, real-time and accurate comprehensive transportation management system which effectively integrates advanced information technology, data communication and transmission technology, electronic sensing technology and computer software processing technology into the whole ground transportation management system.

　　Intelligent transportation and digital transportation are the highlights of future development, and they are also important engines to promote the high-quality development of transportation. In recent years, China has accelerated the development of intelligent transportation and digital transportation, and issued a series of policies, such as the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for scientific and technological innovation in transportation field and the overall layout plan for the construction of digital China, to guide the industrialization development of intelligent transportation and digital transportation in key areas such as intelligent transportation infrastructure, travel service and vehicle-road coordination. According to the data released by China Intelligent Transportation Association, the intelligent transportation market in China will reach 165.8 billion yuan in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 14% from 2017 to 2020. It is estimated that the intelligent transportation market in China will reach 243.2 billion yuan in 2023. In recent years, China has vigorously developed intelligent transportation and digital transportation, promoted the integration of next-generation information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, blockchain and artificial intelligence with transportation, and launched pilot applications of intelligent transportation. The scale of smart transportation technology expenditure in China has been increasing. With the gradual maturity of artificial intelligence technology and the promotion of many policies, the intelligentization, intellectualization and digitalization of expressways have become the main development direction of highway transportation. With the further development of digital traffic construction in China, the market scale of expressway intellectualization and digitalization will continue to climb. The China Commercial Industry Research Institute predicts that the market scale of expressway intellectualization in China will reach 90.3 billion yuan in 2023. The Chinese government has issued policies related to intelligent transportation and digital transportation.Encourage the construction of smart railways, smart civil aviation, smart ports, digital waterways, smart parking, smart traffic control and other fields, and promote the transformation of the transportation system to intelligence and digitalization.

　　Smart city is an important support of digital China, digital society and digital transportation. The outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China focus on "building a livable, resilient and smart city" to promote the overall situation of Chinese modernization. The new smart city is a new concept and path to promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity, and it is also an important carrier for the construction of a network power and the development of digital economy. On June 17th, 2023, the group standard of Green Smart City Evaluation Index System (T/ZSCPA001—2023) led by the National Information Center was officially released. With the deepening of new urbanization, the continuous implementation of "Digital China" strategy, the deep integration of digital technology and real economy, and the overall acceleration of digital transformation, the digital construction of smart cities is facing new opportunities. The development and integrated application of technologies such as 5G, Internet of Things and driverless help intelligent travel. More and more cities use technologies such as vehicle-road coordination, artificial intelligence, smart parking and cloud computing to monitor traffic flow, congestion index and delay index in real time to improve traffic efficiency. The growing ecology of new industries such as the Internet of Vehicles and the Internet of Things has effectively promoted the digitalization, networking and intelligent development of traditional industries such as automobiles and transportation, and has gradually evolved into a gathering of digital economic development such as smart travel and digital traffic management.

　　In recent years, relevant government departments have actively promoted the development of intelligent networked automobile industry, and the market scale of the industry has grown rapidly. On June 21st, 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced that it would start the pilot of intelligent networked vehicle access and road traffic, and support the commercial application of conditional (L3 level) and higher autonomous driving. On July 18th, 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Standardization Administration Committee issued "Guidelines for the Construction of National Vehicle Networking Industry Standard System (Intelligent Networked Vehicle) (2023 Edition)", pointing out that the system will form an intelligent networked vehicle standard system that can support the general functions of combined driving assistance and automatic driving from the first stage to 2025. With the accelerated change of science and technology in the industry and the accelerated upgrading of technology, China Commercial Industry Research Institute predicts that the market size of China intelligent networked automobile industry will increase to 150.3 billion yuan in 2023. In the field of vehicle electrification, intelligence and networking, China market is at the forefront of the world, which promotes the rapid improvement of the penetration and performance of intelligent driving assistance products and intelligent networking products. Thanks to the rapid development of new energy vehicles and the continuous strengthening of automobile intelligence, the demand for networked automotive electronic products is growing.

　　(II) Main businesses of the company during the reporting period

　　1. Overview of main business

　　Based on the national development keynote of "transportation is the key to rejuvenating the country and the foundation of strengthening the country", the company fully understands the customer demand and future development trend of the transportation industry based on years of experience and technology accumulation in the transportation industry, and is committed to constantly breaking through the tradition and pursuing innovation in the directions of smart transportation, smart cities and smart cars. The company builds a ubiquitous perception business ecosystem around "car" and "road", and based on artificial intelligence, car-road collaboration and digital twin common technologies, it forms three core driving capabilities of the Internet of Things: global fusion perception, space-time integration digital base, and cross-domain resource sharing and exchange. The main business can be summarized as 5 business divisions, 2 basic support systems, 2 business groups and 2 marketing systems. Among them, the five major business divisions include intelligent networking division, laser products division, automotive electronic products division, ETC products division and weighing products division; The two basic support systems include four R&D centers in Beijing, Wuhan, Suzhou and Shenzhen, and 32 prefecture-level technical service centers in China. Type 2 business groups include seven molecular companies and innovative businesses such as intelligent ETC; The two marketing systems include domestic business marketing and international business marketing.

　　2. Main products and uses

　　2.1. Intelligent networking series

　　2.1.1. Product category

　　Through years of continuous R&D investment in the field of intelligent networking, the company has gradually gained corresponding advantages in the market competition, forming a full-stack service capability covering "car-road-cloud-network-map".

　　1)V2X vehicle-road coordination

　　V2X series products adopt a new generation of C-V2X communication technology and support 5G mobile network communication, which is to realize effective data exchange among various elements in the transportation system, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-road (V2I), vehicle-to-person (V2P), vehicle-to-cloud (V2N) and other technical modes, namely vehicle-to-vehicle information exchange and vehicle-to-outside information exchange. The product has the characteristics of long coverage, low communication delay, large data communication bandwidth, stability and reliability, etc., and can be adapted to intelligent transportation solutions in high-speed mobile scenes. By interacting with the platform and infrastructure, the vehicle-road-cloud collaborative interaction can be realized, empowering assisted driving and automatic driving.

　　2) Global Fusion Perception of Internet of Things

　　In terms of global fusion perception of the Internet of Things, the roadside intelligent perception system independently developed by the company integrates the functions of road information perception, data storage and calculation, information relay transmission, etc., adopts advanced sensors to realize accurate perception of traffic information, integrates sensing equipment such as laser radar, millimeter wave radar and AI camera, analyzes and processes the perceived information by using edge computing technology, and transmits the information to surrounding vehicles, mobile terminals and the cloud with extremely low delay through 5G/V2X communication, thus realizing "vehicle-to-cloud".

　　3) Intelligent networked cloud control platform

　　Intelligent networked cloud control platform, based on high-precision map, 3D modeling and multi-source sensing data fusion, realizes digital twinning, intelligent networked, vehicle-road coordination and other functions, and is actually applied to intelligent networked demonstration area, vehicle networking pilot area, automatic driving test field, holographic intersection, intelligent expressway, digital tunnel, intelligent service area, digital toll station and other scenes.

　　2.1.2. Solution class

　　The company has launched an all-round vehicle-road collaborative solution for smart high-speed and dual-smart cities.

　　1) Intelligent Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperative Systems solution

　　Advanced roadside fusion sensing, V2X communication and next-generation Internet technologies are adopted to implement dynamic real-time information interaction between vehicles and roads in all directions.

　　2) Digital Tunnel Solution

　　Through the core technologies such as high-precision vehicle positioning and global tracking technology, the functions of global monitoring of two passengers and one dangerous vehicle, highly reliable event detection and release are realized, and the tunnel safety factor is improved.

　　3) Digital Toll Station Solution

　　Realize the manager’s one-map global operation state perception, vehicle global tracking, accurate shunting success rate statistics and fare evasion behavior evidence collection, and solve the toll station congestion problem through ramp free flow, lane diversion and lane control.

　　4) Digital service area solution

　　Realize the global tracking of vehicles, automatic management of parking lots, and accurate analysis of passenger flow portraits. Through the deep integration of unmanned sweepers and unmanned food delivery vehicles, we can provide customers with richer scene services, reduce costs and increase efficiency while increasing operating income in service areas.

　　5) holographic intersection solution

　　Real-time perception and digital conversion of intersection vehicles, queues, traffic trajectories, abnormal behaviors, collision accidents and other information, realizing real-time perception of all elements of intersection dynamic information, enabling intelligent networked vehicles and intelligent traffic control.

　　6) Smart bus solutions

　　Through intelligent perception and information interaction, it serves smart buses and passengers, making buses run safely and efficiently.

　　7) Automatic driving test site solution

　　Through infrastructure construction, an intelligent networked test traffic scene with automatic driving, traffic simulation, combination of reality and reality and flexibility and plasticity will be built.

　　2.2. Lidar series

　　The company’s lidar products cover single-line and multi-line, mechanical and solid-state lidar products, which are used in intelligent transportation, industrial mobile robots, autonomous driving and other fields.

　　2.2.1. Roadside Sensing Lidar

　　Roadside sensing lidar is widely used. In the field of collaborative construction of smart cities and intelligent networked vehicles, 3D lidar based on roadside "God’s perspective" can not only provide data basis for optimizing traffic control efficiency for cloud control platform of traffic management, but also provide over-the-horizon and multi-dimensional real-time traffic information for intelligent networked vehicles, enriching vehicle-road collaborative application scenarios. In the aspect of road traffic monitoring and management, products such as high-speed vehicle contour detection system, highway traffic investigation system, off-site law enforcement contour and vehicle identification system, laser vehicle detector, highway entrance and exit vehicle identification system developed based on roadside sensing laser radar can not only realize high-speed non-contact non-stop detection, but also maintain all-weather high-precision data acquisition. In addition, in the fields of mass transit such as rail transit and port terminals, the roadside sensing lidar and its application system can be used in electronic fences, subway gap detection, ship scanning of automatic terminals, protection of quayside and yard bridges, and collision avoidance of unmanned trucks.

　　2.2.2. Industrial mobile robot lidar

　　In the field of industrial mobile robots, the company mainly provides navigation and obstacle avoidance lidar products. According to different scenes, different models and different installation methods, the company has formed a complete product matrix of laser radar, which continues to iterate, including short-range anti-collision laser radar, high-precision SLAM navigation laser radar, indoor and outdoor mixed navigation 3D laser radar and indoor target navigation laser radar. At present, it is widely used in industrial AGV/AMR, automatic forklifts, heavy-duty tractors, and commercial service mobile robots such as cleaning, medical treatment, guidance, inspection and distribution.

　　2.2.3. Vehicle-mounted lidar

　　Vehicle-mounted lidar is a necessary sensor for advanced assisted driving and automatic driving above L3/L4, which can make up for the shortcomings of cameras, microwave radars and other sensors in specific scenes. The vehicle-mounted lidar developed by the company includes the front-mounted long-range main radar and short-range blind-compensating radar for passenger cars, which can help vehicles to make a three-dimensional, dynamic and accurate perception of the surrounding environment and provide more comprehensive perception information for realizing the NOA function or high-order assisted driving in cities. It can not only meet the pre-installation needs of car companies and OEMs, but also meet the navigation and safety protection needs of commercial vehicles (such as mine trucks and minibuses) and logistics distribution vehicles operating on open roads.

　　2.3. Automotive Electronics Series

　　The company’s automotive electronic products mainly include front-mounted V2X vehicle-road coordination and front-mounted ETC series products.

　　2.3.1. Front-mounted V2X vehicle-road coordination

　　V2X can be applied to different scenes such as expressways, expressways, urban roads, parking lots, ports, etc., to achieve information services, improve driving safety, improve traffic efficiency, empower intelligent traffic management and realize advanced intelligent driving. At present, the company’s automotive electronics has 4G/5G-V2X in-vehicle communication terminals and a variety of customized products. Through the interaction between the vehicle and the outside world, it solves the information perception problem of over-the-horizon and blind areas of vehicles, enabling vehicles to obtain a series of traffic information such as real-time road conditions, road information and pedestrian information, and supports the expansion of automotive networking applications. The company’s V2X vehicle communication terminal has non-domestic and domestic solutions, which can meet the needs of quick boarding and customized development of the main engine factory.

　　2.3.2. Pre-installed ETC

　　Pre-installed ETC, ETC-OBU designed according to vehicle regulations, meets the requirements of enterprise standards and national standards for the environment and reliability of on-board electronic equipment. In terms of installation and communication, it has achieved deep integration with vehicles, such as hidden layout, power taking from vehicles, access to in-vehicle CAN bus, etc., which provides a foundation for vehicle-road coordination and scene expansion of ETC and can meet the needs of different OEMs.

　　2.4. Special Short Range Communication Series (ETC)

　　The company’s dedicated short-range communication products include vehicle ETC-OBU, roadside ETC-RSU and a series of solutions for expressway and urban ETC.

　　2.4.1. Product category

　　1) vehicle ETC-OBU

　　The rear-mounted ETC-OBU, including two-piece ETC-OBU and single-piece ETC-OBU, is installed on the inner side of the front windshield of the vehicle. Through the communication between OBU and RSU, the transaction can be settled immediately when passing, and the function of non-stop charging can be realized. This product has Bluetooth function and can realize online recharge and online activation. One-chip ETC-OBU is an iterative product of two-chip ETC-OBU. Without inserting a user card, the transaction data can be directly uploaded to the background for transaction settlement, and the product supports external standard 5V power supply, which can realize the long service life of the product.

　　Intelligent ETC-OBU is an intelligent vehicle-mounted device, which integrates ETC, driving recorder and 4G network communication functions. It has the functions of professional cloud recorder technology, mobile phone interconnection service upgrade, real-time voice broadcast of ETC transaction records, real-time push of consumption bills, vehicle-mounted power supply to extend the service life of OBU, etc. Combined with the "Xiaowan Travel" APP independently operated by the company, it can provide car owners with value-added services such as refueling, car washing and maintenance.

　　2) Roadside ETC-RSU

　　High-speed ETC-RSU includes high-speed roadside ETC products such as portal antenna and lane antenna. Gantry antenna is installed on the gantry of expressway, which is used for vehicle information acquisition and path writing, and is the core equipment of gantry end in ETC subsection charging system. Lane antenna is an antenna installed at the entrance and exit lanes of high-speed toll station, which is used to write the information of vehicle entrance and deduct the fee at the exit. It has the functions of positioning and satellite synchronous timing, and has the characteristics of preventing adjacent channel interference and car-following interference.

　　Urban ETC-RSU includes urban ETC products such as intelligent parking management roadside unit and intelligent dual-mode identification integrated machine. According to the application characteristics of urban scenes, control, radio frequency and communication are integrated into one, which has the advantages of high transaction success rate, fast installation, easy docking and low operation and maintenance, and can be applied to gas stations, parking lots, roadside parking management and other scenes.

　　2.4.2. Solution class

　　1) A series of solutions for expressway toll optimization.

　　Digital channel fast toll collection system, pre-transaction through ramp, ETC fast channel verification pre-transaction to solve the problems of toll station entrance and exit congestion, vehicle verification and management difficulties.

　　The accurate restoration route charging system, which is highly integrated with laser-triggered camera capture technology, AI enhanced identification technology, multi-dimensional matching technology and cloud path fitting technology, can effectively restore the real path of vehicles and guide charging, and reduce the loss of owners’ fees.

　　2) Expanding application solutions for urban ETC.

　　ETC on-street parking solution, by erecting RSU antenna on the cross section of the road, realizes accurate identification and accurate deduction of passing vehicles, helps parking operators to improve the charging rate and reduce the loss of state-owned assets.

　　ETC smart parking solution, relying on ETC technology to install RSU antenna at the entrance and exit of the parking lot, taking OBU as the vehicle carrier, realizing fast traffic and charging without stopping.

　　ETC refueling solution, by installing explosion-proof antenna to realize accurate identification of gas station vehicles, and by connecting with the zero pipe system of gas station to realize accurate deduction, the owner of OBU vehicles has realized non-inductive refueling and fast passage.

　　2.5. Dynamic weighing series

　　The company’s dynamic weighing products mainly include sensors, control instruments and a series of solutions for different application scenarios.

　　2.5.1. Product category

　　1) sensor class

　　Digital narrow strip weighing sensor is a new generation of road sensing device, which has five characteristics of digitalization, intelligence, intensification, simplification and coordination, and can realize the sensing of vehicle information such as vehicle weight, axle type, vehicle type, axle load, unbalanced load and tire pressure, as well as the sensing of traffic infrastructure conditions such as road injury and bridge protection.

　　Multi-hidden road sensor integrates multi-dimensional information such as strain, vibration, temperature, etc. It is constructed synchronously with the road by pre-installation, and integrated with the road. It can detect various kinds of information such as vehicle weight, vehicle type, road vibration and road damage at the same time. It has the advantages of non-inductive detection, safe traffic and reliable data, and can be applied to smart roads, road maintenance, and overload control by science and technology.

　　2) Control class

　　The weighing display control instrument is a new type of intelligent dynamic weighing management instrument specially designed and developed by the company for the automatic weighing instrument of dynamic road vehicles, which has the characteristics of high stability, good software compatibility, strong interface expansibility and low maintenance cost.

　　2.5.2. Solution class

　　1) Solution for expressway scene.

　　The expressway entrance overload control system innovatively uses the narrow strip sensor as the core weighing equipment to build the system, and integrates weighing with laser detection technology and ETC technology, forming a standardized construction scheme covering a series of functions such as weight detection, contour detection, vehicle type identification, drive shaft detection, and large vehicle detection.

　　The expressway provincial boundary overload control system is divided into front-end detection system and station-level management platform, which can form an effective closed loop with the weighing detection at the entrance and exit of expressway toll station, strengthen the information law enforcement supervision such as monitoring and early warning of truck overload, illegal evidence collection and case handling, and better protect people’s lives and property safety and highway assets in good condition.

　　The expressway exit overload control system, based on free-flow non-stop detection technology, carries out overload detection and recheck of vehicles about to leave the expressway, and forms an effective closed loop with the entrance detection of expressway toll stations. At the same time, it is linked with the ramp pre-transaction system to realize fast and safe traffic and accurate charging of vehicles.

　　2) Scenario solution for national and provincial trunk highways

　　The off-site law enforcement system of overload and overrun integrates advanced algorithm technology and stable and efficient data processing equipment, which ensures the stable operation of the system under unattended conditions and realizes accurate and stable detection of any vehicle in free-flow driving state. The system is equipped with a back-end information integrated management platform, which stores and uploads complete law enforcement evidence data, and carries out data sharing and law enforcement linkage with road administration, transportation management, public security and other relevant departments.

　　The source overrun detection system, by arranging front-end data acquisition equipment such as weighing, license plate recognition and image capture in the freight source station, can identify, monitor and warn the state of trucks in the station in real time, and upload the detection data to the management platform to help road management agencies and road transport management departments establish a linkage law enforcement mechanism, and strengthen the supervision of freight vehicles, vehicle drivers and freight enterprises that violate the law and overrun.

　　3) Scenario solution for highway infrastructure safety monitoring.

　　Digital bridge comprehensive solution, based on dynamic weighing detection, structural health monitoring, digital twinning, traffic digitalization and other core technologies, enhances bridge structural health monitoring and early warning capabilities, enhances traffic perception and emergency handling capabilities, strengthens bridge health assessment and scientific maintenance capabilities, and ensures bridge operation safety. The scheme can be applied to "structural health monitoring project of highway long bridges" and "lifeline safety project of urban infrastructure".

　　4) Scenario solution for comprehensive traffic informatization.

　　The overload management information system is a comprehensive information management and business platform based on big data architecture for the company to combine its own technology and product advantages, integrate the data of all kinds of overload control sites at the front end, and open up key nodes of business processes at all levels, so as to realize cross-regional and cross-departmental overload control data sharing, business collaboration and joint law enforcement, and realize the "one chess game" of overload control supervision service.

　　Intelligent transportation integrated management platform integrates traffic operation monitoring, asset management, road maintenance, overload control, etc. It comprehensively supervises different types of vehicles such as taxis, buses, two passengers in danger, and builds a public information publishing platform, making full use of small programs, WeChat official account, APP, government portals and other ways and means to make information transparent, and providing the public with various transportation services such as road information and travel guidance.

　　(3) Business model

　　During the reporting period, the company mainly made profits by "products+services", and the profit sources mainly included product and system sales and service provision. The company sells intelligent networking, lidar, automotive electronics, ETC, dynamic weighing and other related products and supporting software or platform systems to customers, and carries out civil construction, equipment installation and debugging, system debugging, technical training and other processes according to the requirements of specific products. Finally, after passing the acceptance test, it obtains the completion acceptance form of the other party, collects the project contract money, and obtains income and profit. In addition, the company provides value-added services to customers according to the signed technical service contract, including daily maintenance, repair, update and upgrade of equipment.

　　(IV) Analysis of business operation during the reporting period

　　In the first half of 2023, benefiting from the construction of digital intelligent transportation in China, the company achieved an operating income of 322,138,100 yuan, up 2.17% over the same period of last year, and an operating income of 216,527,400 yuan in the second quarter, up 67.94% over the same period of last year. The company’s intelligent network connection and automotive electronics business achieved rapid growth during the reporting period. At the same time, the company continued to increase R&D investment, and continuously improved its product and solution capabilities in intelligent networking, lidar and automotive electronics. In the first half of 2023, the R&D investment was 143,133,400 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.37%; During the reporting period, the company increased the marketing efforts of intelligent network connection and other businesses, resulting in an increase in marketing expenses compared with the same period of last year. Due to the comprehensive influence of the above factors, the company’s net profit decreased year-on-year. During the reporting period, the company’s business operations are as follows:

　　1. Business development

　　1.1. Intelligent networking

　　1.1.1. Technical progress

　　In terms of intelligent networking technology research, product development and solution capability improvement, the company closely follows the national and local development strategies, and relies on holographic stereoscopic perception ability to propose the overall architecture of urban intelligent transportation, which is divided into infrastructure layer, business support layer, domain service layer and business scene layer. The platform system can provide refined, diversified and differentiated transportation service applications for three types of users, such as government, enterprises and the public. During the reporting period, the company continued to strengthen the four core capabilities of space-time integrated digital base, holographic stereo perception, real-time dynamic twinning, and real-time interaction between vehicles and roads. Based on the all-round technical capabilities of vehicle-road-cloud-network-map, the company comprehensively improved the architectural capability and delivery capability of the vehicle-road collaborative closed-loop solution for high-grade autonomous driving.

　　1.1.2. Market progress

　　In the face of complex inter-city and urban traffic scenes, the company puts forward scientific and systematic governance schemes according to different traffic characteristics and respecting people-oriented needs, so as to help the intelligent and digital transformation of inter-city and urban traffic.

　　In the aspect of intelligent high-speed construction, the company’s intelligent high-speed comprehensive solution is based on global perception, supported by digital space-time base, and carried by intelligent high-speed platform, and integrates artificial intelligence, digital twinning and other technologies to build systems such as "global twinning, operation monitoring, simulation decision-making, emergency command and vehicle-road coordination", thus creating a "digital world" for expressways. Typical intelligent construction projects include Chongqing Yuxiang Expressway Intelligent Project and Yunnan Zhaoyang Intelligent Expressway Project. In the intelligent project of Chongqing Yuxiang Expressway, the company has built a digital space-time base, an edge data center, a digital tunnel system, a digital toll station system, and a risk section perception system of the main line, which has helped users realize the digitalization of infrastructure and improved the traffic efficiency and safety of key nodes. In the construction of Zhaoyang Smart Expressway in Yunnan, the company undertook the safety prevention and control system for tunnels and affected areas, adopted V2X communication system and information release system, and provided timely traffic information prompt and accurate guidance for networked vehicles and non-networked vehicles. The company’s smart high-speed comprehensive solution puts forward targeted strategies according to the pain points of different scenarios, covering the full-service scenarios of expressways such as tunnels, toll stations, ramps, vehicles and roads, bridge monitoring, test sites, etc., and realizing the wisdom of everything.

　　In the construction of Shuangzhi city, the company has continuously strengthened the four core capabilities of space-time integrated digital base, holographic stereo perception, real-time dynamic twinning and real-time interaction between vehicles and roads, and comprehensively improved the architectural capability and delivery capability of the company’s vehicle-road collaborative closed-loop solution for high-grade autonomous driving. During the reporting period, the company participated in the construction of typical double-smart city scenes in China, and landed in many scenes across the country. Among them, he deeply participated in the construction of Wuhan Intelligent Networked Vehicle Test Site and Qingdao High-tech Zone Intelligent Networked Vehicle Test Road, and provided roadside perception, communication and V2X scene construction support. In-depth participation in the construction of collaborative autonomous driving test sites for high school buses such as Chang ‘an University, Tongji University and Qinghai Jiaotong University, providing products such as virtual and real simulation and three-item mapping. In the third phase project of Jiangxi Jiujiang 5G Smart Science and Technology City, the bus automatic driving assistance system was built through the cooperative infrastructure transformation of vehicles and roads at multiple intersections. In the smart parking lot project of Zhongguancun Software Park in Beijing, the application scenarios such as roadside foundation design and perception sharing safety early warning are provided. The company contributes to the construction of Shuangzhi city by creating a vehicle-road coordination scheme for different levels of perception needs.

　　In the field of urban comprehensive management, with the help of the 13th China Road Traffic Safety Products Expo, the company released solutions for global integrated perception of road network, urban traffic signal control, refined urban management and mobile smart base station products for traffic police, which were applied in Changsha, Suzhou, Jinan and other places respectively, and made an extension from the smart traffic business line to the smart traffic management business line.

　　1.1.3. Progress in industry standards

　　In terms of industry standards, the company took the lead in establishing the Data Interface Requirements between Roadside Communication Units and Roadside Infrastructure, which is under the jurisdiction of the Internet of Things Sub-technical Committee of the National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee. The purpose of this standard is to improve the compatibility between roadside communication terminals and roadside infrastructure, realize the interconnection between roadside infrastructure, and facilitate the large-scale construction and deployment of vehicle-road coordination. In terms of group standards, the company initiated the projects of RSU Equipment Evaluation and OBU Equipment Evaluation in Xiong ‘an Innovation Federation, aiming at further enhancing the influence of the company’s products in xiong’an new area and accelerating the landing of subsequent projects. The company mainly participated in the Technical Requirements for Application-layer Interaction of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System Part 2: Perceptual Data Sharing, which was centralized by China Automotive Engineering Society. This standard stipulated the technical requirements for application-layer interaction of services of perceptual data sharing, including architecture and functions, general requirements, communication process of application-layer and application definition. The company mainly participated in the Technical Requirements and Test Methods of Roadside Infrastructure RSU for Vehicle-Road Collaboration, which is under the jurisdiction of China Automotive Engineering Society. This standard is suitable for guiding the design, development, operation and maintenance of RSU facilities in Intelligent Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperative Systems, an urban road, to support the development of vehicle-road collaboration application services. The company mainly participated in the Code for Design of Intelligent Accessory Facilities for Expressway Operation, which was centralized by China Technology Market Association and led by Shanxi Intelligent Transportation Research Institute.This standard stipulates the functional requirements, performance requirements and safety requirements of related systems at all levels of intelligent design technology for operating expressway ancillary facilities. The company’s standard team has participated in 59 published standards in the field of intelligent networking, including 5 national standards, 4 industry standards, 49 group standards and 1 local standard. There are 176 standards under compilation, including 23 national standards, 26 industry standards, 26 local standards and 101 group standards.

　　1.1.4. Progress in scientific research achievements

　　In terms of scientific research achievements, by the end of the reporting period, there were 119 valid patents in the field of V2X intelligent networking, and 443 patents were under application. During the reporting period, there were 50 new patent applications, of which inventions and PCT patents accounted for 72%. In April 2023, the company’s "Digital Twinning Helps Haidian Changchun Bridge to Create a Digital Holographic Demonstration Intersection of Capital Civilized Traffic" was selected into the list of outstanding cases of urban digital twinning in 2022 published by the Smart City Working Group of the National Signaling Committee.

　　1.2. Lidar

　　1.2.1. Technical progress

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to innovate in technology, and released laser radar products as follows: (1) Roadside 64-line laser radar WLR-733, whose 64-line beam is designed downward, with high-quality point cloud and super-large detection area, 360-degree horizontal field of view and the company’s unique vertical field of view (as low as 0.1-degree vertical angle resolution), and the range of 10% reflector reaches more than 200m. The farthest ground line can realize the stable detection of 110m, which is a rare lidar product on the market at present, taking into account both "measuring distance" and "measuring breadth". At the same time, an SDK with structured data output function and a lightweight edge controller have been developed to facilitate the layout and use of customers. (2) The self-driving 64-line blind-compensating radar WLR-721, with a vertical field of view of 90 degrees and a range of 30 meters (10%), is one of the blind-compensating radars with the largest vertical field of view in the industry at present. The design scheme of VCSEL+ array SIPM is adopted, which greatly reduces the radar volume and power consumption. (3) Single-line small navigation radar WLR-718H, adopting the chip scheme of DTOF not only improves the integration of laser radar and simplifies the production process, but also significantly reduces the size of the whole machine, especially reduces the height of the whole machine to about 40mm, making it more convenient to adapt to the low chassis of hidden AGV and the shelf identification of forklift forks.

　　In terms of vehicle-mounted lidar, the vehicle-mounted 128-line lidar developed by the company has greatly improved its performance in ranging, blind area and noise suppression (high reflection, ghosting and expansion). The first turn of ASIC chip for vehicle-mounted radar developed by the company has been returned and is being tested in system function. In terms of pre-research, the company has developed the prototype of flash blind-compensating radar at the same time, and it is progressing smoothly at present.

　　1.2.2. Market progress

　　In the field of smart transportation, the company continues to increase the market share of roadside sensing lidar products in highway traffic survey, vehicle detector, vehicle detection in service area, vehicle identification and classification, outline size detection, etc., improve the competitiveness of products by reducing the comprehensive layout cost of users (increasing the sensing range, SDK providing structured data output function, etc.), and increase the flexibility of user equipment configuration by decoupling the sensors and algorithms of smart base stations based on lidar. At present, it has successfully entered the supply chain list of many smart transportation solution suppliers. In the field of unmanned commercial vehicles, the company adopts multi-model laser radar to provide integrated solutions for navigation, blind compensation and collision prevention for mobile robot enterprises in a high/low collocation way, and actively sends laser radars to unmanned commercial vehicles such as clean sanitation vehicles, safety patrol vehicles, manned vehicles, logistics vehicles and engineering work vehicles for mass production and supply. The company fully communicates with autonomous driving enterprises, robot head enterprises, internet enterprises and system integrators to provide all-round solutions for laser radar and further enhance customer coverage. In terms of special vehicle application scenarios, the company provides main radar and blind-compensating radar solutions and tests them to further enhance the overall solution capability of lidar.

　　In terms of industrial mobile robot laser radar, the company started to continuously expand new customers of industrial robots such as AGV and AMR from the aspects of quality, cost and technological advancement, increased the coverage of head enterprises, actively increased the market share in the field of industrial robots, and the overall market share was improved. Expand new customers in the field of service robots such as commercial guidance, distribution, disinfection, cleaning and inspection, and continue to increase the scale of import substitution. At the same time, the company used lidar-related projects in Chengdu ground rail transit, and actively expanded its applications in security protection fields such as ports and railways. In addition, the company actively expands the overseas market of lidar, and has achieved sales in Europe, America, Southeast Asia and other places.

　　In terms of vehicle-mounted lidar, the company’s 128-line vehicle-mounted lidar actively conducted joint testing with the main engine factory and the autonomous driving company, and obtained a letter of designation from a vehicle company. The company simultaneously carried out the construction of the vehicle-mounted lidar automatic assembly production line, and made preparations for production and supply chain for subsequent mass production. At the same time, the company officially launched a global promotion of vehicle-mounted lidar to international automakers to enhance the visibility and influence of the company’s vehicle-mounted lidar in the global market.

　　1.2.3. Progress in industry standards

　　In terms of industry standards, the industry standard "Vehicle-Road Cooperative Roadside Lidar Detection Method" compiled by the company in china communications standards association is being solicited for comments. This standard plays an important role in unifying roadside lidar testing methods and standardizing the development of roadside lidar industry. The company has participated in the development of standards in the field of lidar, and has published two group standards, namely, Laser Vehicle Detector for Traffic Information Collection (the company is the lead unit) and Detection Method for Vehicle-mounted Lidar, and 16 other standards are being compiled, including 2 international standards, 3 national standards, 4 industry standards and 7 group standards.

　　1.2.4. Progress in scientific research achievements

　　In terms of scientific research achievements, as of the end of the reporting period, there were 388 valid patents for lidar products and 390 patents under application. During the reporting period, there were 15 new patent applications in the field of lidar, of which inventions and PCT patents accounted for 75%, and OPA Fang Xiangxin added 3 invention patent applications and 3 PCT patent applications.

　　1.3. Automotive Electronics

　　1.3.1. Technical progress

　　For the front-loading V2X, in order to meet the requirements of different customers, such as price and localization rate, the company has designed corresponding non-domestic and domestic solutions and cost reduction, which can cover the boarding needs of most OEMs. On the technical standard level, the company participated in the parts verification of the first recommended national standard "Technical Requirements and Test Methods of Vehicle Information Interaction System Based on LTE-V2X Direct Communication" in V2X field, which fully verified the compliance of the products. In terms of software design, the company has the ability of self-research of software, and has developed SOA system architecture for distributed services and software architecture based on AutoSar, which is in line with the current advanced domain centralized EE architecture and can realize flexible deployment of services. At the application scene level, the company continues to carry out the research and development of the second phase scene and the high-level automatic driving scene based on V2X, accelerating the scene landing and deepening the user’s perception, and further empowering the high-level automatic driving.

　　For the front-loading ETC, in order to strengthen the development strategy of vehicle-road coordination and deeply implement the policy of vehicle-road coordination integration based on the concept of "traffic watcher", the company has launched the technical scheme of vehicle-road coordination, and has completed the debugging of the first version of the scheme in cooperation with the road network center, and completed the testing of the scheme in the demonstration area. The technical route of ETC-based vehicle-road cooperative extended broadcasting scheme is as follows: the roadside unit RSU uses the 5.8GHzDSRC protocol to interact with the vehicle-mounted unit OBU and ETC partners, among which the ETC partners adopt the broadcasting form. At the same time, we will expand the cooperative application of vehicles and roads in off-highway scenes (such as the release of events under municipal roads, the release of mobile events for special vehicles such as rescue and maintenance), and issue the events after verifying the legality of the pre-installed ETC.

　　1.3.2. Market progress

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to promote the innovative application and practice of vehicle-road coordination and autonomous driving technology, consolidate the foundation of data information interconnection and help the development of intelligent transportation.

　　As the key technology of intelligent transportation system in the future, the front-mounted 4G/5G-V2X is the future development direction of intelligent transportation and intelligent networked vehicles. The company has established a research and development team, a supply chain team, a quality management team and a production team for vehicle networking, implemented the integrated development strategy of vehicles and Lu Yun, and provided overall solutions for the industrial chain. During the reporting period, the company completed the construction of the automated 5G car networking production line, which provided a solid guarantee for the company to deliver the 5G car networking products of the OEM. The company carries out visual management of manufacturing, improves the management level of warehousing and logistics, completes mass production delivery of products for designated car companies, and ensures the high-quality operation of production and supply chain systems. At the same time, the company actively communicated with more car companies, pre-installed 4G/5G-V2X before testing, strived to obtain more car companies’ fixed points, and supported the application expansion of car networking. During the reporting period, the company started the development of a new generation of integrated TCU products, which can meet the needs of most car networking in OEMs, and has conducted technical exchanges and tests with mainstream OEMs in the industry.

　　In terms of pre-installed ETC, in response to the system planning and related facilities construction of the smart expressway pilot project, the company responded to the requirements of the Ministry of Transport on deepening the application of the portal frame of the electronic toll collection system (ETC) of expressways, and promoted the coordinated construction of vehicles and roads based on the ETC system to meet the diversified needs of automakers, and continuously optimized and upgraded the pre-installed ETC products. On the premise of multi-functional applications (such as optional CAN communication module, online release activation, remote program update and other value-added services, as well as multi-functional expansion of rearview mirror, DVR, central control and T-BOX, etc.), the technical scheme based on vehicle-road coordination is introduced. At the same time, the pre-installed ETC installation rate and activation rate of the company’s original customers have been improved, and the overall loading rate has steadily increased. The company and a number of internationally renowned brand car companies have determined the long-term ETC scheme, established a long-term cooperative partnership, and fully cooperated with the smart transportation scheme of the Ministry of Transport and the road network center.

　　1.4. Dedicated short-range communication (ETC)

　　1.4.1. Technical progress

　　As the leader of domestic ETC technology, the company applied advanced technologies such as DBF phased array technology and spatial array positioning technology to ETC free-flow system, and made major breakthroughs in key technologies such as RSU dynamic area control, ETC-OBU dynamic tracking and accurate positioning, ETC-RSU/OBU transaction scheduling, and ETC-OBU concurrent processing, which greatly improved the adaptability of multi-lane free-flow products to high-speed passing cars and vehicle tracking.

　　1.4.2. Market progress

　　1) After-loading OBU.

　　The company completed the cost reduction of single-chip and double-chip OBU, continued to promote single-chip OBU, completed the promotion of new Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangxi and other places, and conducted docking debugging with Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Guangdong and other provinces. During the reporting period, the company obtained the Beijing Alipay ETC4.0 project, continued to expand its market share, and jointly studied motorcycle OBU with the Beijing ETC issuer. Based on the original functions such as voice interaction, Beidou positioning and 4G communication, the company’s intelligent OBU develops more new functions of vehicle-road coordination to meet the requirements of the optimization and upgrading scheme of expressway networked toll collection system.

　　2) Highway application.

　　Combined with the upgrading direction of the networked toll collection system, the company expanded the application value of ETC system and launched an intelligent portal frame system based on the vehicle identification technology of laser vision fusion. The scheme has achieved normal operation in many provinces and cities across the country, and established provincial boundary electronic fences in Sichuan Expressway to achieve accurate empowerment audit and escape; Establish a vehicle portrait system at the boundary of Guizhou province to provide effective evidence for inter-provincial splitting and analysis of charging differences; Help Beijing Shoufa Group to improve the capture ability of snap cameras, improve the accuracy of billing system, and improve the charging amount and audit ability. At the same time, the company mainly promotes a number of new system schemes, such as audit work order robot, global digital road network based on ETC portal frame, standardized toll station solution, ETC service area vehicle monitoring scheme, ETC long bridge vehicle monitoring scheme and so on. The above new schemes will soon be implemented in Zhejiang, Guizhou, Sichuan, Henan and other places.

　　3) Urban application development.

　　The company has formed a product portfolio covering parking hardware, management platform, ETC multi-scenario solution and city-level smart parking overall solution. During the reporting period, the company actively promoted the ETC expansion application platform and reached cooperation in Liaoning, Hubei and other places to drain the parking lot resources to the issuer. In terms of product research and development, the company improved and optimized the antenna series products in the parking lot, and completed the joint debugging of antenna development with partners. The company extended the overall solution of city-level smart parking to large and medium-sized cities in China, and implemented ETC parking projects in landing cities such as Hunan, Liaoning and Shandong.

　　1.5. Dynamic weighing

　　1.5.1. Progress in technology

　　The company combines the dynamic weighing business with laser, and puts forward the application solution of multi-line laser radar in off-site law enforcement of truck overload and road traffic flow survey. Based on the point cloud information and accurate point cloud ranging provided by multi-line laser radar, it can carry out holographic perception, accurate perception and trajectory tracking for traffic participants, provide multi-dimensional visual evidence chain support for off-site law enforcement of overload and overload, and provide scientific data support for traffic management decision-making and traffic planning and design in road traffic flow survey scenarios, thus providing a comprehensive solution for urban traffic governance.

　　1.5.2. Market progress

　　During the reporting period, the company implemented the comprehensive management and control plan for the provincial boundaries of expressways, insisted on stabilizing the overload control through science and technology, mainly promoted the off-site law enforcement system for overloading, optimized the off-site software platform, and landed projects in Shandong, Chongqing and other places. The "Intelligent Monitoring Scene of Overloaded Vehicles at the Entrance of Beijing Expressway" adopted the company’s expressway entrance overload control system and was selected as "Zhifu Baijing" in the National Pilot Area of Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Application of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

　　1.5.3. Progress in scientific research achievements

　　In terms of scheme output, based on the deep cultivation and accumulation in the intelligent transportation industry and core technologies such as dynamic weighing detection, traffic infrastructure monitoring and traffic digitalization, the company has launched a comprehensive digital bridge solution, which greatly improves the bridge structure health monitoring and early warning capabilities, enhances the traffic perception and emergency handling capabilities, strengthens the bridge health assessment and scientific maintenance capabilities, ensures traffic operation safety and road assets safety, and assists bridge managers to realize the optimal layout of comprehensive benefits of operation management and safety emergency. At the same time, the company also released new comprehensive solutions, such as in-service trunk highway digitalization scheme and highway intelligent operation and maintenance scheme, to improve the digitalization level of highway infrastructure and scientific decision-making, enhance highway safety guarantee capability, and further help traffic powers.

　　1.6. Strategic development of globalization

　　During the reporting period, with the goal of global strategic planning, the company focused on ITS products (LiDAR) and systems (WIM, C-V2X) and robotic lidar.

　　The company’s first overseas intelligent networked holographic intersection project (C-V2X) was successfully delivered to Bangkok, Thailand. The complex intersection situation in Bangkok was simulated in real time with digital twins, and channelized design suggestions and refined law enforcement were made to alleviate the extreme congestion and chaotic intersection situation in megacities and make travel safer and more convenient. As a revolutionary in ITS industry, the company’s ITS laser provides high-value data for the global digital road and successfully sells it to Mexico, Thailand, Bangladesh, Brazil and other places. The company’s robot lidar business focuses on the developed markets in Europe, America, South Korea and Japan. In the first half of 2023, the robot lidar products were successfully sold to markets in Germany, Switzerland, Japan, South Korea, India and other places, and delivered with head robot customers in Singapore, Canada and other places. The company has obtained OIML-R134 certification issued by NMI of Netherlands Metrology Institute, which means that the company’s WIM system has been recognized by the international metrology community. The company’s weighing products have been successfully sold to Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Hungary and other places.

　　During the reporting period, the company filmed laser radar, intelligent networked holographic intersection and other related promotional videos, and comprehensively promoted products and solutions in the international market. At the same time, the company actively participated in international exhibitions, such as CES Consumer Electronics Show in the United States, HannoerMesse in Germany, Logimat in Stuttgart, IRC World Road Congress in Czech Republic, etc., and applied more lidar and ITS systems to the world.

　　2. Technology development and innovation

　　In terms of intelligent network connection, the company continues to invest in research and development of roadside intelligent sensing system, intelligent network connection cloud control platform and V2X communication terminal. While the original digital solutions have been continuously upgraded, the company has actively laid out and developed new scene application solutions such as expressway open test site, highway reconstruction and expansion digital security solution, intersection signal control solution and automatic driving direction holographic intersection solution, further enhancing the company’s four core capabilities of time-space integration digital base, holographic stereo sensing, real-time dynamic twinning and real-time interaction between vehicles and roads.

　　In terms of vehicle-road collaboration, the company focuses on vehicle-road collaborative autonomous driving technology, and continuously improves the vehicle-road collaborative data service capability and the full-stack closed-loop scheme, thus realizing the scale landing and industrialization of vehicle-road collaborative autonomous driving. Specifically, it includes roadside data service, L2+ networked vehicle roadside scene service, bicycle autopilot service and vehicle-road cooperative autopilot service. Through the complete data center platform architecture, the company has realized the closed-loop management from edge management, data collection and storage to intelligent application, and at the same time continuously expanded the data business requirements, thus mining the value of data elements and developing data products.

　　In terms of multi-line laser radar, the company’s on-board 128-line laser radar successfully passed the harsh winter extreme cold test, which enhanced the accuracy, cold durability and anti-interference performance of laser radar products in extremely cold environment. The test results showed the high reliability and stability of laser radar under extreme conditions, which was more conducive to improving the safety of driverless cars and further empowering driverless cars. At the same time, the company increased the R&D investment of silicon-based all-solid-state laser radar OPA, and improved its ranging range and long-distance research.

　　During the reporting period, the number of patents granted by the company continued to increase, and new patents were granted in intelligent networking, V2X, lidar, pre-installed ETC, ETC-RSU and dynamic weighing system. During the reporting period, 53 authorized invention patents, 50 authorized utility model patents, 3 authorized design patents and 19 software copyrights were added. The company’s patent applications increased by 63% compared with the same period of last year, and the patent applications in the fields of laser and intelligent networking increased by 71% compared with the same period of last year, accounting for 79% of the company’s semi-annual applications in 2023. By June 30, 2023, the company had 1,110 valid patents at home and abroad and 262 software copyrights. The valid patents include 306 invention patents, 732 utility model patents, 71 design patents and 1 patent authorized by the United States. Another 1,051 patents are under review, including 2 American patents, 2 European patents and 24 PCTs. Among them, there are 388 valid patents for lidar products and 390 patents under application; There are 119 valid patents and 443 patents under application for V2X intelligent networking.

　　3. Operation management

　　During the reporting period, the company continued to implement digital operation management, optimized the rules and plans for the use of funds, effectively controlled the net working capital, and maximized the input and output. The company promotes intelligent manufacturing technology and intelligent manufacturing system from three aspects: process control, equipment management and information application, so as to realize full digitalization, automation and intelligence of the production process and improve production efficiency and quality. The company continuously optimizes the industrial product supply chain, system integration supply chain and automotive electronic supply chain to realize the value transfer and value-added of the supply chain and enhance the overall core competitiveness of the company.

　　The company continued to implement information construction management and continuously improved the overall operating efficiency of the company. TMS transportation management system improves the management ability of logistics through various methods, and plans to go online in the second half of the year; BI report system (management data visualization) is combined with big data, data warehouse, data mining and data analysis to support data-driven decision-making. The second phase of PLM localization promotion project has started the internal demand investigation, and it is planned to go online in the second half of the year; Financial information construction (financial center+shared service) applies advanced software system and computer technology to implement modern management of financial information. At the same time, the company optimizes and perfects the processes of automotive electronic supply chain, system integration and industrial product supply chain.

　　4. Investment M&A and capital operation

　　During the reporting period, the company invested 15 million yuan to increase the capital of Shanghai Xuehu Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Shanghai Xuehu"). After the capital increase, the company held 5.0847% of the shares of Shanghai Xuehu. Intelligent networking business and laser radar business are the key directions of the company’s ecological strategic layout. Based on the company’s technical ability in the field of laser radar and Shanghai Xuehu’s technical ability in the field of FPGA, both parties are committed to developing programmable chips that can reduce MEC power consumption and improve adaptability. The self-developed 3D point cloud AI hardware acceleration engine and algorithm owned by Shanghai Xuehu can provide computing support for the company’s multi-source heterogeneous data fusion and further enhance the company’s comprehensive competitiveness in the fields of intelligent networking and laser radar. By complementing each other’s capabilities and sharing resources, the two sides will jointly cooperate in many fields such as intelligence at both ends of vehicles and roads to enhance the core competitiveness of their technologies and products.

Second, the core competitiveness analysis

　　(A) R&D strength and technological innovation advantages

　　The company is a high-tech enterprise recognized by Beijing Science and Technology Commission, Beijing Finance Bureau and State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Beijing Taxation Bureau. It has participated in the national torch plan project and actively participated in the formulation of industry standards. At the same time, it is also a communication member of the National Intelligent Transportation System Standardization Technical Committee, and has joined the working group on digital infrastructure and vehicle-road coordination, intelligent driving, etc., a member and governing unit of China Highway Society, a standing governing unit of China Geographic Information Industry Association and a governing unit of China Intelligent Transportation Association. Obtained Beijing Municipal Enterprise Science and Technology Research and Development Institution and Beijing Design Innovation Center issued by Beijing Science and Technology Commission, Beijing Enterprise Technology Center issued by Beijing Economic and Information Technology Commission and Beijing High-tech Industrial Design Center issued by Beijing Economic and Information Technology Bureau. Beijing Wanji Intelligent Networking Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, was awarded the "Innovative Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Beijing" by Beijing Economic and Information Bureau.

　　After years of continuous R&D investment, the company has made a lot of technological innovations, and built an independent core intellectual property system in the fields of intelligent networking, lidar, automotive electronics, special short-range communication and dynamic weighing.

　　In the first half of 2023, the company’s patent applications increased by 63% compared with the same period of last year, and the patent applications in the fields of laser and intelligent networking increased by 71% compared with the same period of last year, accounting for 79% of the company’s semi-annual applications in 2023. During the reporting period, 53 authorized invention patents, 50 authorized utility model patents, 3 authorized design patents and 19 software copyrights were added. By June 30, 2023, the company had 1,110 valid patents at home and abroad and 262 software copyrights. The valid patents include 306 invention patents, 732 utility model patents, 71 design patents and 1 patent authorized by the United States. Another 1,051 patents are under review, including 2 American patents, 2 European patents and 24 PCTs. The company has continuously strengthened the intellectual property training for managers and R&D personnel, enhanced the awareness of intellectual property protection, and passed the certification of GB/T29490 intellectual property management system. The company fully understands the market development trend of this industry, and according to the overall development plan, it has formed the advantages of technology research and development through a series of differentiated competitive strategies leading manufacturers in the same industry, such as constantly improving product lines, stabilizing product performance, providing technical standards and independent innovation.

　　While developing products, the company actively participates in the formulation of technical standards, and a standard team composed of standardization personnel and R&D personnel participates in the formulation of a number of standards to provide technical support for standardizing market development. By June 30, 2023, the company had participated in 72 published standards, including 10 national standards, 5 industry standards, 2 local standards and 55 group standards. There are 195 standards in compilation, including 3 international standards, 27 national standards, 27 industry standards, 26 local standards and 112 group standards.

　　In the field of intelligent network connection, the company has been deeply involved in the field of intelligent network connection for many years. With the deepening understanding of the industry, the company deeply understands the traffic business and industry needs. Facing the complex urban traffic scenes, the company respects the people-oriented use needs according to the traffic characteristics of different cities, and puts forward scientific and systematic governance plans to help the intelligent transformation of urban traffic. Based on the advantages of artificial intelligence, multi-perception, edge computing, ubiquitous network, big data and other core technologies, the company has launched a vehicle-road collaborative solution for smart high-speed and smart cities through core independent products and platforms such as roadside intelligent perception system, intelligent networked cloud control platform and V2X communication terminal, and continuously strengthened the four core capabilities of space-time integrated digital base, holographic stereo perception, real-time dynamic twinning and vehicle-road collaborative real-time interaction. At present, based on the advantages of solution capability, the company has built a number of commercial landing projects in smart high-speed fields and smart cities, such as Guangzhou Qifu Tunnel, Shaanxi Qinling Tunnel Group, Hubei Ezhou Airport Smart Expressway, Zhengzhou Southwest Toll Station, Yuxiang Smart Expressway, Yunnan Zhaoyang West Ring Smart Expressway Project Digital Tunnel System, Suzhou 5G Vehicle Networking City-level Verification and Application Project, Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Digital Holographic Road Construction Project, etc. Because the projects can effectively meet the needs of customers, the landing projects have been highly recognized by customers. Besides,The company’s standard team has participated in 59 published standards in the field of intelligent networking, including 5 national standards, 4 industry standards, 49 group standards and 1 local standard. There are 176 standards under compilation, including 23 national standards, 26 industry standards, 26 local standards and 101 group standards. Among them, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized a number of industry technical standards, such as the message layer test method of wireless communication technology of vehicle networking based on LTE, the network layer test method of wireless communication technology of vehicle networking based on LTE, the roadside unit technical requirements of direct communication system of wireless communication technology of vehicle networking based on LTE, and the message layer technical requirements of wireless communication technology of vehicle networking based on LTE.

　　In the field of lidar, the company adheres to the development route of independent research and development, and has many years of technical accumulation and reserve in optical structure, laser emission and receiving circuit design, and at the same time carries out multi-technical route layout of mechanical lidar, MEMS and OPA. The company’s hybrid solid-state 128-wire vehicle-class lidar is in the forefront of the industry in many dimensions such as field of view, detection distance and scanning frequency, which can meet the volume and performance requirements of small passenger cars. In terms of cutting-edge technology OPA, technical research has been continuously carried out to improve the range of ranging, and related projects have been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, key projects of Beijing Science and Technology Commission, subversive technology research and development and achievement transformation projects in Zhongguancun. The company uses lidar technology to provide comprehensive solutions for specific fields or applications, including hardware equipment research and development, software algorithm development, data processing and analysis. According to different application requirements and scenarios, design and develop suitable lidar equipment, including scanning mode, measurement accuracy, data acquisition rate, etc., and provide software algorithm capability empowerment in combination with application scenario requirements. By June 30, 2023, the company had 388 valid patents on lidar products, covering applications in many fields such as autonomous driving, intelligent transportation, robots, etc. The lidar products independently developed have won awards such as "National Torch Plan Industrialization Demonstration Project" and "Beijing New Technology and New Products". The company participates in the development of standards in the field of laser radar.Two corporate standards, Laser Vehicle Detector for Traffic Information Collection (led by the company) and Vehicle Laser Radar Detection Method, have been released, and 16 standards are being compiled, including 2 international standards, 3 national standards, 4 industry standards and 7 corporate standards.

　　In ETC field, the company has continuously increased its R&D investment in ETC field for many years, and has successively overcome a series of technical problems. The company adopts multi-lane tandem technology based on satellite timing and wireless synchronization technology to completely solve the adjacent channel interference problem that plagues the ETC field. The ETC-RSU products developed by this technology have been successfully applied in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. The company’s authorized invention patent "A multi-antenna combined working method and system under multi-lane free flow" won the third prize of Beijing Invention Patent Award. As the leader of domestic ETC multi-lane free flow technology, the company applied advanced technologies such as DBF phased array technology and spatial array positioning technology to ETC free flow system, and made major breakthroughs in key technologies such as RSU dynamic area control, ETC-OBU dynamic tracking and accurate positioning, ETC-RSU/OBU transaction scheduling, and ETC-OBU concurrent processing, which greatly improved the adaptability of multi-lane free flow products to high-speed passing cars and vehicle tracking. In recent years, the company has closely followed the national policy of canceling provincial toll stations on expressways, actively studied key technologies, and successively developed products such as "polysemous path identification system", "5.8GHz polysemous path composite pass card" and "free-flow segmented charging antenna", which have been widely applied in the national project of canceling provincial toll stations and achieved good social and economic benefits. At the same time, the company’s accurate restoration path charging system is highly integrated with laser-triggered camera capture technology, AI enhanced recognition technology, multi-dimensional matching technology and cloud path fitting technology.Effectively restore the real path of the vehicle and guide the toll collection, and further improve the operation level of the expressway toll collection system. According to the accurate judgment of the industry development trend and market demand, the company has increased its R&D investment in the pre-installed ETC-OBU in recent years, and applied the "filtering and shielding fitting technology" and "OBU self-diagnosis technology" to the pre-installed ETC-OBU, laying a product and technical foundation for the pre-installed business development.

　　In the field of dynamic weighing, the company has accumulated profound research and development experience in the field of dynamic weighing for many years. Through the analysis and testing of equipment usage data, it is the first to propose a technical solution combining data acquisition with algorithm logic, which makes the company’s dynamic weighing technology at the international leading level. The company innovatively integrates dynamic weighing equipment, sensing equipment, etc. to develop an off-site law enforcement system for over-limit and overload, and realizes sales in many regions. In the field of overload control information networking management platform, the company uses big data technology to develop overload control platform system networking highway overrun detection sites and off-site law enforcement systems, analyze and mine the collected traffic information, and provide valuable in-depth information for traffic decision makers and participants.

　　(B) the advantages of industrialization capacity

　　The company has been deeply involved in the intelligent transportation industry for 29 years, and is committed to breaking through the tradition and pursuing innovation in the directions of intelligent transportation, smart cities and smart cars. From equipment manufacturers to solution providers, we have accumulated rich experience in the system integration ability of solutions and in the research, development, design and manufacturing of intelligent transportation equipment. Excellent solutions are inseparable from the empowerment and support provided by excellent products. On the one hand, the company is familiar with the requirements of the transportation industry for product characteristics and has formed a process accumulation. On the other hand, the company has accumulated rich experience in product whole process management and quality control. The company has built a 42,500-square-meter intelligent manufacturing production base in Shunyi, Beijing, and built a 10,000-class/100,000-class dust-free workshop for the production and testing of V2X units, multi-line lidar, ETC products and pre-installed ETC-OBU, and the operation of the data center of the intelligent network. The company’s digital workshop has been recognized by Beijing Economic and Information Bureau in 2022. The company’s intelligent manufacturing production base introduces the world-leading ERP system (SAP), production management system (MES) and warehouse management system (WMS), and is equipped with a number of high-speed SMT patch lines and fully automatic assembly test lines, which can produce PCBA and products of vehicle specifications and meet the business needs of both ends of the vehicle. Through the real-time data collection of factory management system, multi-terminal and multi-role real-time collaboration, big data visualization and deep learning intelligent decision-making, the company’s production quality control ability is further improved.

　　(C) Advantages of marketing network channels

　　The company has set up a matrix marketing management mode, a product division, which is responsible for coordinating the marketing work of the product line. At the same time, it has set up sales branches or agencies according to the region, taking the branch as the fulcrum to cover the regional sales work, ensuring the seamless network coverage of the market and continuously infiltrating products and services into the coverage area. The company has marketing agencies in Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Nanjing and other regions. At the same time, the company has established an efficient global sales team spanning three continents and six countries, which adopts matrix marketing management mode and consists of product department and sales department. The company has sales representatives all over the world, including Indonesia, Thailand, Russia, Mexico and Bangladesh. The company attaches great importance to the construction and training of marketing network echelon, and each marketing organization has sales managers and deputy managers, and strives to cultivate experienced sales business backbones.

　　(D) Advantages of professional services

　　Each product line of the company is equipped with professional technicians such as technical service and quality control, who can provide technical support to customers before and after sale, provide customers with professional services such as product introduction, scheme design, product installation and testing, and continuously and timely give feedback to the company according to users’ usage. Through the perfect technical service, the company wins the trust of users and enhances the adhesion with customers.

　　The company set up a technical service center in the headquarters to coordinate the customer service management in all regions and realize business collaboration with quality management departments and business divisions. The company has established a customer service system covering the whole country and has the service ability to respond to customers quickly.

　　(5) Qualification advantages

　　The company has Grade B surveying and mapping qualification, construction enterprise qualification and safety production license. Passed ISO9001 quality management system certification, ISO27001 information security management system certification, ISO/IEC20000-1 service management system certification, IECQQC080000 hazardous substance process management system certification, ISO14001 environmental management system certification, ISO45001 occupational health and safety management system certification, ANSI/ Esds 20.20: 2014 & IEC 61340-5-1: 2016 electrostatic protection management system, GB/T27922 national commodity after-sales service standard certification, ITSS information technology service standard conformity certificate and information security service qualification certification. It has passed the certification of IATF16949 automobile parts quality management system necessary for automobile electronic suppliers, and obtained the five-level certification of CMMI_DEVML5 capability maturity and CNAS laboratory certification. These qualifications of the company have laid a foundation for market development and maintenance. In addition, the ETC product market implements the qualification access system, and the company’s related products have the test report of ETC products issued by Beijing Zhongjiao Guotong Intelligent Transportation System Technology Co., Ltd. The market of dynamic weighing products is subject to legal metrology management, and the related products of the company have obtained the type approval issued by the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.

　　[PConline Information] At 21 o’clock on the evening of February 24th, Beijing time, Huawei held a 5G full-scene conference in Barcelona as scheduled. This time, many 5G products were released, one after another in just one hour, which was amazing. Next, let’s briefly review the main contents of this conference.

　　2019 transcripts: revenue of 850 billion, 5G mobile phone shipments of 10 million.

　　In 2019, Huawei’s BG revenue reached 850 billion yuan, up 18% year-on-year. Huawei’s smartphones also achieved good sales, with the second largest global market share and 240 million shipments, up 16.8% year-on-year.

　　Huawei released the folding screen machine Mate Xs! Kirin 990 5G+ Leica four photos, priced at 2499 euros.

　　The protagonist Huawei Mate Xs debuted, and Huawei Mate Xs is equipped with Huawei’s most powerful 5G SoC— — Kirin 990 5G chip improves performance and reduces power consumption. Support more 5G frequency bands, 2G/3G/4G/5G full netcom, NSA/SA dual mode and 5G+4G dual card dual standby. Let you travel around the world without worry, 5G upload and download speed is faster, and the experience is better. It is like a bar phone, which turns into an 8-inch immersion screen after being unfolded, and the folding screen can change between three sizes: 8 inches, 6.6 inches and 6.38 inches. When it is unfolded, it is an 8-inch unbounded screen. When it is closed, it becomes a smart mobile phone with a front face of 6.6 inches and a back face of 6.38 inches, allowing you to see more. Huawei Mate Xs uses a large battery of 4500mAh and supports 55W Huawei super fast charging. Your spare time is enough to charge at any time.

　　For taking photos, upgrade the super-sensitive Leica four-camera system, including: 40-megapixel (27mm, f/1.RYYB) super-sensitive lens, 8-megapixel (80mm, f/2.4, OIS) telephoto lens, 16-megapixel (17mm, f/2.2) and TOF camera (supporting professional blur effect) Supports up to IOS 204800 ultra-high sensitivity, 45 times zoom range (3 times optical and 30 times digital), and supports OSI+AIS super anti-shake. Yu Chengdong also mentioned that it is particularly interesting. When Huawei Mate Xs takes a picture of the other party, the other party can see the real-time picture preview on the screen, with an 8-inch screen, and it is more convenient to look at the picture and retouch it on the mobile phone. It is pre-installed with EMUI10 system based on Android 10 deep customization.

　　Huawei Mate Xs 5G(8GB+512GB) is priced at 2,499 euros (about 19,000 yuan), which is listed globally and will meet you next month. China market will start online booking at 10:08 on February 26th, and officially go on sale at 10:08 on March 5th.

　　The strongest Android productivity! Huawei MatePad Pro 5G tablet released, starting from 799 euros.

　　MatePad Pro 5G tablet, with 90% ultra-high screen ratio, DCI-P3 movie-level color gamut 2K screen, four channels and four speakers, is light and smart, innovative in materials and colorful. Equipped with Kirin 990 5G SoC chip, the performance and energy efficiency are improved. Turn on the 5G cloud game mode. Heavy-loaded 3A games do not need to be downloaded and installed, and enjoy a brand-new game experience, with strong battery life and two-way wireless charging blessing.

　　As we all know, Huawei Kirin 990 5G has the best experience of 5G existing network, with leading performance and energy efficiency in the industry, and AI computing power is riding the dust. As Huawei’s first 7nm+ EUV process 5G SoC chip, Kirin 990 5G natively integrates the 5G baseband into the SoC chip, which realizes smaller chip area and lower power consumption compared with the mainstream plug-in baseband solution in the market.

　　In order to solve the power consumption problem caused by 5G, Kirin 990 5G took the lead in supporting BWP(Bandwidth Part) technology, and realized flexible switching of bandwidth resources under the condition of large bandwidth of 5G. Compared with the mainstream flagship chip platform in the industry, the power consumption of 5G is 44% lower. Huawei MatePad Pro 5G has made an innovative breakthrough in parallel vision, supported 3000+ applications, operated the left and right screens at the same time, and moved at will, continuously leading the ecological construction of flat horizontal screen. In addition, it can also cooperate with mobile phone multi-screen, and the two devices can display on the same screen. Just focus on one place, and work and life can be taken into account.

　　The positioning of this tablet is very clear. It is more efficient than a mobile phone and more portable than a PC. The new HUAWEI M-Pencil and other innovative interactions, whether it is business trips and meetings for office and educators, or outdoor collection and measurement for art and professionals, will maximize office efficiency through Huawei MatePad Pro series.

　　Huawei MatePad Pro will be launched overseas in April, with the price of Huawei MatePad Pro WiFi (6GB+128GB/8GB+256GB) starting from 549 euros, Huawei MatePad Pro LTE (6GB+128GB/8GB+256GB) starting from 599 euros, and Huawei MatePad Pro 5G (8GB+256GB/8GB+512).

　　Matebook X Pro 2020 notebook, the tenth generation of Core kills the audience.

　　MateBook X Pro 2020 notebook is equipped with 10th generation Intel Core i5/i7 processor, MX250 discrete graphics card, 512GB SSD and full-speed Thunderbolt 3 interface. The integrated metal fuselage, in addition to deep space gray, bright moon silver and cherry pink gold, also provides a new emerald color scheme.

　　Matebook D 14 and D 15 notebooks released at the end of November last year have also been upgraded, mainly to upgrade the CPU. The two products are equipped with up to ten generations of Core i7 processors or AMD Ryzen 7 processors, which is in line with the performance of the new shark fin fan.

　　In terms of price, Matebook X Pro has three versions: i5/8GB/512GB/MX250 version, 1499 euros (about 11400 yuan); I5/16GB/512GB/MX250 version is 1699 euros (about 12900 yuan); I7/16GB/512GB/MX250 version is 1999 euros (about 15200 yuan).

　　Huawei launched AX3 series, the world’s first Wi-Fi 6+ router, with strong quad-core performance of+3,000 Mbps.

　　However, Huawei is different. At the Huawei conference on February 24th, Huawei released the world’s first Wi-Fi 6+ router, which has strong quad-core performance, wireless rate as high as 3000Mbps, and convenient functions such as NFC touch networking. Huawei is a TOP 2 contributor to the Wi-Fi 6 standard. On the basis of Wi-Fi 6, Huawei launched Wi-Fi 6+, which greatly improved the performance of Wi-Fi. At the same time, it also brought two end-to-end self-developed Wi-Fi 6+ chips, which will be applied to Huawei routing and Huawei mobile phones.

　　On the basis of Wi-Fi 6, the end-to-end self-developed Wi-Fi 6+ chip, Lingxiao 650 for Huawei routing, Kirin W650 for Huawei mobile phones and other terminals, 160MHz ultra-large bandwidth and dynamic narrow bandwidth technology bring Huawei a brand-new Wi-Fi 6+ experience, realizing twice the speed at short distance and wearing a wall at long distance.

　　In addition, Huawei also announced HMS Core 4.0, which was actually released in January this year, and launched a lot of new functions, including Huawei account, payment, analysis, cloud hosting and game services that have been in operation for many years, and advertising and location services that have been launched for four months. In addition to the local APP store, Huawei has also launched Quick Apps, which is already in use in China. This kind of app does not need to be installed, and it is a web-based application like a small program. When it is used up, it takes up little space.

　　One big event: P40 series mobile phones released on March 26th.

　　Finally, Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei Consumer Terminal, also announced a major event — — On March 26th, Huawei will release P40 series mobile phones in Paris, which Yu Chengdong said is the strongest 5G flagship mobile phone in the world.

　　The scale of cross-border e-commerce transactions has grown rapidly in recent years. In 2013, according to iResearch’s estimation, the transaction volume of cross-border e-commerce in China was about 3.1 trillion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate of 31.1% from 2008 to 2013, accounting for an increasing proportion of the total import and export trade. At present, China’s cross-border e-commerce trade is still dominated by exports, accounting for more than 80%, but the proportion of import trade is also gradually increasing.

　　Geographically, each region is also developing regional cross-border trade e-commerce. In 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission and the General Administration of Customs approved Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Zhengzhou as pilot cities for cross-border trade e-commerce. In 2013-14, some cities were successively included in the pilot cities of cross-border trade e-commerce. Cities such as Yiwu and Xiamen have begun to focus on building local cross-border trade e-commerce platforms, logistics platforms and payment platforms. Since 2013, cross-border trade e-commerce in all regions has achieved rapid growth.

　　In the process of e-commerce of traditional cross-border trade, the business in emerging markets has grown very rapidly. In 2013, in China’s export trade, the total export volume of the United States, Japan and Europe accounted for about 39%, while Africa and Latin America accounted for about 4% and 6% respectively. In the field of export e-commerce, statistics from EBAY and Alibaba show that the cross-border trade volume and growth rate of Argentina, Israel, Russia, Brazil and other countries are particularly prominent.

　　China’s annual export trade scale is at the level of 10 trillion RMB, and the market space is huge. In 2013, China’s export trade reached 2.2 trillion US dollars (about 13.6 trillion RMB), and the total import and export trade was about 4.2 trillion US dollars. According to iresearch, in 2013, China’s cross-border e-commerce transaction volume was 3.1 trillion RMB. Massive market demand has brought huge growth space for the development of e-commerce in cross-border trade.

　　From the perspective of subdivided products, most export categories are suitable for expanding e-commerce channel sales.

　　According to the data of the General Administration of Customs in the first half of 2013, more than 50% of China’s export commodities are mechanical and electrical products, and labor-intensive products such as textiles and clothing account for about 20%. Compared with bulk raw materials, consumer goods such as mechanical and electrical products and textiles are less difficult to trade e-commerce. From the perspective of commodity structure, China’s export e-commerce space is also considerable.